^'"^-^^miiwft*. ^/■$^^: ^s^o '^ iMffe WJkMm^ ms^. ' ' 1- 'm: ,'( ■,■/ \r---v f?^^ /■J '^.-a.'s ^^%>fe.%5:;: mm €'^1^ K /» .:?^x«.-. '"^^^-'Mi^'' MM^''-c:'M^^^^$l mm "/;?:S=>"*^ r? :S5:^:.x^.:a, THE ZOOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. EREBUS & TERROR, UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN STli JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N., F.R.S., n U in X G T H K Y EARS 1839 TO 1843. Hr AUTHOIUTY OF THE LOHltH COMMl^SIOSERU OF THE A HM 1 1! Al.T Y . JOHN HICHAKJ)S()X, .AID, FII.S., kv. JOHN I'.DWAHI) GRAY, Esr>., PhD., F.H.S., &r. VOL. 11. KEPTJLE8, FISHES, CRUSTACEA, INSECTS, MOLLUSCA. 1. O N 1) O N -. K. W. J ANSON, 28, MUSEUM STREET, W.C. M. nccc. X I.l V. -M. T)i .n.'. LS XV. VOL. II. CON T E N T S . Title Pat;e. Contents. Reptiles, by G. U. (Jray, F.R.S., &c., (pp. 1—8), 1815. Conclusion by Albert Guxther, M.A.. M.D., Ph.D., F.Il.S,. V.P.Z.S., Keeper of the Zoological Department of the British Museum, (pp. 9—19), 1875. Fishes, by Sir John Richardson, Kxt.. M.D., F.R.S., &c., (pp. i — viii & 1 — 139), 1811— Is ts. Crustacea, by Ebward J. Miehs, Junior Assistant, Zoological Depxrtmeut, British Museum, (pp. 1—5), 1875. Insects, by Adam White, M.E.S., &c., (p]). 1—21), ls46: and Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., (pp. 25—51), 1871. MoLLUscA, by Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S., Zoological Department, British Museum, (pp. 1 7), 1S71<. P L A T E S . Reptiles. I— XX. 58:)87 Fishes. I— LX. Crustacea. I — IV. Insects. I — X. Mollusca. I— IV. REPTILES. I. — THE REPTILES OF AUSTRALIA. Dr. Sham-, in.the Appendix to White's 'Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales,' in 1790, first describefl and figured some of the Reptiles observed by White in New Holland. Some of the specimens he brought home hav- ing been placed in the collection of the British Museum, were more systematically described by the same naturalist in his 'General Zoology,' and his work on the Animals of New Holland. Lacepede, in the 'Annales du Museum,' (iv. 18), described several Reptiles from the same country, and redescribed several of those which had been already noticed by Shaw and White. Capt. Flinders, in his 'Voyage to Terra Australis,' 1814, mentions the occurrence of two kinds of Turtles [Chelo- nia) one on the north coast of New Holland (ii. 154), and the other on the east coast (ii. 382). Peron and liCsueur, during their voyage with Captain Baudin on the coasts of Australia, collected many specimens of this class of animals, which were deposited in the Museum of the Garden of Plants, and a few of which were noticed by Oppel in preparing the Reptile part of Cuvier's ' Regne Animal.' Others have been described by Messrs. Duine- ril and Bibron, in their ' Erpetologie Generale,' now in the course of publication. Some others were described by me during my visit to Paris, when I was preparing the Synopsis of Reptiles, which appeared in Griffith's translation of Cuvier's ' Animal Kingdom,' which must only be considered as an abstract of the notes prepared for my ' Synopsis Reptilium.' In the Appendix to Capt. Philip Parker King's ' Voyages in Australia,' 1 described some new species discovered by that navigator, especially the very curious Frilled Lizard, which is figured in that work. From time to time, as spe- cimens from that country have been kindly presented to the Museum by different collectors, as my late friend Allan Cunningham, Mrs. Joseph Wright, and others, I have described the specimens in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society,' and other scientific periodical publications. In the Appendix to His Excellency Ca])t. George Grey's Australia, I attempted to bring together these scattered materials, and formed a list of the different species which had been described as coming from Australia, adding to it descriptions and figures of the new Australian species, chiefly sent home by Governor Grey and Mr. Gilbert, from the west coast, then in our collection ; and since that time 1 have, in my ' Zoological Miscellany,' described several additional species, which have, in the mean time, been sent to England from the north coast of Australia by Mr. Gil- bert, who is employed by Mr. Gould to collect specimens for him in different parts of that continent. In the Zoology of the Voyages of the French ships, 1' Uranie, la Coquille and 1' Astrolabe, some Australian Reptiles have been figured and described by MM. Quoy and Gaimard and M. Lesson ; but unfortunately, though the descrip- tions of the specimens are long and apparently full, yet they are so general, and the figures of the species, though good for artistic effect, are so destitute of scientific detail, that it is often impossible to determine which of the Aus- tralian species they are intended to represent ; and the specimens from whence they were described, do not appear to be in the collection of the French Museum, for MM. Dumeril and Bibron do not refer to them in their work. In the Appendix to Dr. Dieffenbach's New Zealand, I described the Reptiles he had brought from those islands ; Mr. Bell, in the ' Zoology of the Beagle,' has described and figured another species from the same country, which was brought home by my friend, Mr. Darwin : and another species has since been discovered by my nephew, Lieut. Alexander Smith, R.N., who accompanied the Antarctic Expedition. Order I. Lizards, (Sauria). Mouth not dilatable. Jaws toothed. Tlie lower jaw- bones being united by a bony suture in front. Eye with distinct eyelids. Drum of the ears generally distinct, exposed. Nostrils lateral, nasal cavities separated by a long cavity. Limbs 4, distinct, rarely in such a rudimen- tary state "as to be hidden under the skin. Toes generally distinct, clawed, for walking or climbing. Body elongate, rounded, covered with imbricate granular scales. Ribs distinct, mobile, and with a distinct sternum. Tail elon- gate, tapering, rarely prehensile, generally covered with whorls of scales. Egg with a hard skin. Young not un- dergoing any metamorphosis. The Grtphf, containing the Ichthyosauri, Plesiomiiri, the recently discovered Rhtjncosauri, and other Lizard- like fossils of the lias and new red sandstone, which have nearly the same formation of the skull, the pendant ear- bones &c. of the Saurias, are easily distinguished from them by their doubly cupped vertebrae and usually paddle- like feet, like Cetacea amongst Mammalia. Sect. I. Sqcamata. Body covered with overlapping or granular scales. Nostrils lateral. The skull formed of separate bones. The nasal cavities separated by a bony septum. The ear- bone external, pendent, and only articulated to the skull. Tongue free, elongate, nicked at the tip, often entire. The lungs free in the cavity of the thorax. The vent a linear cross slit. The male organ and vagina forked. Vertebrae with a convex surface fitting into a concave surface in the preceding joint. Oviparous, rarely viviparous. The eggs when deposited covered with a more or less coriaceous shell. Sub-order L Leptogloss.e. Tribe L Cyclosaura. Scales of the belly square (very rarely rhombic, keeled), in cross bands, of the back and tail rhombic, imbricate, or cir- cular and subgranular, placed in cross rings, of the sides generally granular, rarely like the back. Tongue elongate, flattened, base sometimes sheathed, generally free, only attached to the gullet by a long frenum, with two elongate cylindrical homy tips. Tail elongate, with whorls of scales, generally conical, tapering, sometimes compressed, with two elevated crests above. Family. Monitorid.e. Head with minute polygonal shields. Teeth adnate to the inner side of the jaws. Tongue elongate, slender, re- tractile into a sheath at its base. Scales small, roundish, placed in cross rings, those of the sides like those of the neck. Legs 4, strong. Toes 5-5, compressed, subequal. Thighs poreless. Superorbital plate bony. Old World, near water. The species of this family are confined exclusively to the Eastern Worid and Australasia. Of the twenty-two species described in the Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum, the last complete work on the species of Reptiles that has appeared, six are peculiar to Australia, eleven are found in India, Borneo and New Guinea, and five in Africa. 1. Tail round without any keel above. Terrestrae. Odatria, Gray. Nostrils ovate, longitudinal, subanterior. Teeth com- pressed, acute. Tail elongate, round, not keeled above. Scales large, sharply keeled, subspinose. Back with elon- gate, narrow, keeled scales. Ventral shield elongate. Toes rather unequal, elongate. This genus is easily known from the terrestrial Monitors of Africa, by the larger size and keeled form of the caudal scales. Besides the Australian species, there is one, O. Timor- en-tis, from the Island of Timor, first described by me in Griffith's Animal Kingdom, ix. 36. The Dotted Odatria. Odatria punctata. Plate I. Odatria punctata, Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 394. Grey's Trav. Aiisfr. ii. 422. Cat Rept. B. M. 7. Monitor tristis, Schleyel, Abbild. 73. Grey olive, with narrow, black, reticulated lines, bearing large hexagonal spots; head, limbs and tail blackish, with a few pale spots, dark-banded; ventral shield twice as long as broad ; tail round; scales over the eye small, granular; male ? with a tuft of conical spine-like scales on each side of the vent. The young is blackish, with cross rings of white spots ; head closely white speckled ; limbs white dotted. Very young grey, with numerous narrow dark cross bands. Inhabits West Australia and Port Essington. The Eyed Odatria. Odatria ocellata. Plate 2. Odatria ocellata. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 8. Black, with rather large yellow rings ; limbs and tail yellow-spotted ; tail round ; scales of the tail broad, oval, spinose; scales over the eyes small, granular; ventral shields twice as long as broad. Inhabits N.W. coast of Australia. Benjamin Bynoe, Esq., R.N. Like O. punctata, but the scales of the back, and the spinose scales of the tail are much larger. The scales of the back are bluntly keeled, of the tail square, nearly as broad as long, shaqjly and strongly keeled, spinose; in O. punctata they are nearly twice as long as broad, and only subspinose. 2. Tail triangular, compressed, and with a doubly toothed crest above. Nostril small, round. Monitor, Gray. Polydaedalus, Wagler. Uaranus, Fitz. Nostrils small, round, in the middle between the apex of the muzzle and the front angle of the eye. Tail elon- gate, compressed, with a double-edged keel above. Toes elongate, unequal, strong. Teeth rounded. Gould's Monitor. Monitor Gouldii. Plate 3. Monitor Gouldii, Schlegel. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 12. Hydrosaurus Gouldii, Gray, Ann. N. H. i. 394. Grey's Trar. Austr. ii. 422. With 2 yellow streaks on the side of the neck ; scales over the eyes small, granular, of forehead larger; ventral shields small, longer than broad. Inhab. Western and North-western coast of Australia. Hydrosacrus, Wagler. Tupinambis, part, Fitz. Nostrils oblong, longitudinal, near the apex of the muz- zle. Tail elongated, with a double-edged keel above. Toes unequal, elongate. Teeth compressed, shai-p-edged, denticulated. This genus is divided into two sections; some have the scales over the orbit small and equal, others have a series of larger ones in the middle of the small ones. All the Australian species belong to the former division. The second section contains two species ; one, M. bivUtutus, found in India, Borneo and the Philippines, the other, M. prasinus, at New Guinea. * Scales over the orlit equal. Neck with lunate hands. The Lace Lizard. Hydrosaurus rarius. Lacerta varia, Shaw, White's Journ. N. S. W. 246, t. 3, / 2. Nat. Misc. iii. /. 83. Uaranus varius, Merrem, Tent. 58. Dum. et Bib. E. G. iii. 491. Gray, King's Voy. ii. 427. Tupinambis variegatus, Baud. Rept. iii. 76. Kuhl, Beytr. 125. Hydrosaurus varius, Wagler, Syst. 164. Gray, Ann. N. //.i.'394. Cat. Rept. B. M. 12. Grey, with black cross bands, which are lunated over the nape ; scales of the orbit very small, equal. Inhab. New Holland. Bell's Lace Lizard. Hydrosaurus Bellii. Uaranus Bellii, Dum. et Bib. E. G. iii. 493, t. ^b, f. 1. Gray, in Grey's Trav. Austr. ii. 422. Hydrosaurus Bellii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 13. Pale, body and tail with broad black cross bands; scales of the orbits dilated, equal. Inhab. Austraha ?? This species is only known from a .specimen in Mr. Bell's collection, and one in the Paris Museum. ** Scales of the orbit equal, small. Neck spotted like back. ITie Gigantic Lace Lizard. Hydrosaurus giganteus. Plate 4. Hydrosaurus giganteus. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 13. Brown, back and tail with cross bands of large black- edged white spots; neck and under side of body pale, with large black round reticulations; legs white-spotted ; toes rather short, strong; shields of the head subequal, con- vex, over the orbits very small, granular. Inhab. N. coast of New Holland. The largest species of the genus. The specimen in the British Museum is 78 inches long. It was discovered and described by Capt. Stokes, R.N. Tribe II. Geissosaura. Scales of the belly and (almost always) of the back and sides, rounded, quincuncial, imbricate, fonned of a more or less thick, vascular, bony plate, covered with a thin epi- dermis, often shomng the vessels through it. Sides round- ed, covered with scales like those of the back. Tongue narrow, short, flat, slightly nicked at the end. Head co- vered with regular many-sided shields (rather scale-like in [Lialisidtc). Neck not contracted. Body fusiform or subcylindrical. Femoral pores none, (except in Pygopus and Lialis). A. Eyes distinct, exposed. Eyelid rudimentary. Head conical. Fam. Gymnophthalmid^. Nostrils lateral, in a single nasal plate, without any su- pranasal above it. Teeth conical, simple. Palate tooth- less. Tongue scaly, nicked at the tip. Eyes naked. Eye- hds rudimentary, circular, ring-like, and immoveable. Ears distinct. Body fusiform. Limbs 4, weak, unequal. Femoral pores none. Cryptoblephards, Cocleau, Weigmann. Ablepharus, part, Dum. et Bib. Head pyramidical. Frontoparietal plate single. Nos- trils lateral, in a single nasal, supranasal none. Eyelid rudimentary, circular. Ears moderate, open, denticulated in front. Tongue flat, scaly, nicked at the tip. Palate toothless. Body fusiform. Scales smooth, or verv finely and indistinctly grooved. Legs 4. Toes 5-5, unequal, rather comijressed. Tail roundish, tapering, acute. Pre- anal scales in three rows. * Eyelid complete, with a series of larger scales above. The Pete. Cryptoblepharus Boutonii. Scincus plagiocephalus, Peron, Mus. Paris. S. Boutonii, Desjard. Ann. Sci. Nat. xxii. 298. S. arenarius, and S. furcatus, Schlegel, Mus. Leyd. S. aureus, Mus. Paris. Cryptoblepharis Peronii, Coct. Scincoides, i. t. Man Zool. t. Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 813. C. Leschenaultii, Coct. Scin, i. t. C. Boutonii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 64. Ablepharus pcecilopleurus, Weiqm. N. Act. N. Cur xv 183, /. 8, / 1. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 335. Grey's Trav Austr. ii. 426. Seha, TJies. ii. t. 2,/ 9-10. Tiliqua Buchanani, Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 291. Olive or bronzed, brown-varied. Scales black-streaked. Eyelid circular, scaly, with the three upper scales larri-est. Ears moderate, suboval, open, simple-edged. Rostral plate very large, triangular. Preanal plates 6 or 7, neariv equal. Inhab. Western Australia, the Isle of France, Timor. ** Eyelid incomplete, no scales between the eye and eyebrow above. The Eyed Pete. Ciyptoblepharus lineo-ocellatus. Plate 5, fig. 1. AblephariLs lineo-ocellatus, Diim. el Bib. v. E. G. 817. Cryptoblepharus lineo-ocellatus, Gray, in Greys Trav. .4ust'r. ii. 427. Cat. Kept. B. M. 65. Back grey or reddish, with 4 series of white-edged black spots, and edged with a pale streak, and a black-edged white streak on each side. Upper lip white. Eyelid cir- cular, covered with small equal scales, without any between the eye and superciliary plates. Rostral plate small, very broad, 6-sided. Frontal plate broader than long. Ears moderate, suboval, with 2 or 3 denticulations in front. Head short. Inhab. Swan River, W. Australia. MoRETHiA, Gray. Head pyvamidical. Frontoparietal shields rough. Nos- tril lateral, in a small shield with a small supranasal above it, and a smaller nasoloreal shield behind it. Eyelid rudi- mentary, circular. Ears moderate, open, denticulated in front. Body fusiform. Scales smooth. Legs 4, weak. Toes 5-5, unequal, rather compressed. Tail roundish, ta- pering, acute. Preanal scales rather larger. This only differs from Cryptoblepharus in the nasal shields. It is as if the nasal shield of that genus was di- vided into three small plates. The MoRETHiA. Morelhia anomalus. Plate 5, fig. 2. Morpethia anomalus. Gray, Cat. Kept. B. M. 65. Olive bronzed, black-spotted; eyelid scales equal ; cars with 3 or 4 small denticulations in front. The young have a dark-edged white streak on the sides. Inhab. Western Australia. Menetia, Gray. Head subquadrate. Muzzle rounded. Rostral plate moderate. Nostril lateral, in an oblong nasal shield ; su- j)ranasal none; frontoparietal shield single, rhombic. Eyes moderate ; pu])il round. Eyelid rudimentary, circular. Ears small, covered with the scales. Body elongate, fusi- form, subcylindrical, rounded on the .sides. Scales smooth. Legs 4, weak. Toes 4-5, slender, rather compressed, une- qual, clawed. Tail cylindrical, tapering. The Menktia. Menetia Greyii. Plate 5, fig. 3. Menetia Greyii, Gray, Cat. liept. B. M. 66. Olive bronzed, with a narrow streak externally edged with a very nanow black line. Inhab. West Australia. I have dedicated this genus to Capt. George Grey, the Governor of South Australia, who has exerted himself to make us aciiuaiiited with the animals of the Australian continunt. Miculia, Gray. Head conical. Muzzle rounded. Rostral plate rather larger, with a straight edge behind. Nostrils lateral in the middle of 2 transverse nasal scales, edging the back of the rostral ; supemasal none ; frontoparietal shield double. Eyes moderate; pupil round. Eyelids rudimentary, cir- cular, granular. Ears none visible. Body subcylindrical, roimded on the sides. Scales smooth. Legs 4, weak. Toes 4-4, slender, rather compressed, simple, unequal, clawed, the two middle front subequal, longest, the third hinder very long. Tail cylindrical, tapering. The Miculia. Miculia elegans. Plate 5, fig. 4. Miculia elegans, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 66. Olive, with a dark streak on each side, with a narrow white edge below ; beneath pale whitish ; tail brown-dot- ted ; eyelid interrupted above. Inhab. Western Australia, Mr. Gilbert. b. Head ivedye-shaped. Rostral rather produced. Lerista, Bell. Muzzle rather wedge-shaped. Rostral plate large, bent back on the upj)er and lower part of the muzzle. Nostril lateral, in a large nasal plate; supranasal none. Eyelid rudimentary, circular, granular. Ears distinct, very small. Palate with a slight triangular nick behind. Scales smooth. Tail conical. Legs 4. Toes 2-3, unequal, clawed, subcy- lindrical, simple. Preanal plates 2. "The ear-hole is so small that it was overlooked by Mr. Bell." The Lerista. Lerista lineata. Lerista lineata, Bell, Pr. Z. Soc. 1833, 99. Zool. Journ. v. 393, /. 26, /: 2. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 335. Cat. Repl. B. M. 66. Duvi. et Bib. E. G. v. 825. Greenish grey, with 2 black streaks. Inhab. New Holland. Only known from a single specimen in the collection of Mr. Bell. Fam. PvGOPiD.E. Head pyramidical, shielded, short, with 2 or 3 pair of narrow frontal shields, similar to and behind the nasal shield, with 2 large vertebral shields. Nostrils oblong, in a ring-like shield, in the lower angle of the band-like trans- verse nasal, appearing in the suture between the outer an- gle of the nasal, the front loreal shield and the lower labial plates. Throat covered with small scales. Teeth conical simple. Palate toothless, with a broad longitudinal groove. Tongue flat, scaly in front, velvety behind, rounded and nicked at the end. Ears distinct, exposed ; tympanum sunk. Eyelid rudimentary, circular, immoveable, scaly. Body cylindrical, elongate. Ventral shields broad behind, in 2 or 4 series. Tail with 3 series of broader shields, the central broadest. Limbs 2, posterior, rudimentary, undi- vided, scaly, on the sides of the vent. Pygoi'IS, Fitz., Merrcm. Bipes, Cue. Hysteropus, Dum. et Bib. (!) Head short, truncated, rounded. Rostral plate large, with 2 parietal and a pair of occipital plates. Pupil cir- cular. Scales of the back keeled. Ear ovate. Vent with a series of pores in front. Hinder limbs elongate, ovate, compressed, scaly. Tail cylindrical, rather tapering. The PvGOPUS. Pygopus lepidopodus. Pypogus lepidopus, Gray, Cat. Kept. B. 71/. 67. Bipes lepidopodus, Lriccp. Ann. Mus. H. N. iv. 193, •209, t. bb,f. 1. Schinz, Ahhild, t. 42,/. 2. Pygopus lepidopus, Menem, Tent. 77. Hysteropus lep. Bory, Res. Erpet. 142, t. 27, f. 2. H". Nova? Hollandiw, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 828, /. 55. Sheltopusik Nova3 Hollandia;, Oppel, Rept. 40. Coppery grey, with 5 series of oblong, 4-sided, while- edged, black spots and some oblique black streaks on the side of the neck ; muzzle with 2 pair of broad transverse frontals, similar in shape to the nasals. Inhabits Australia. The Scaly-faced Pygopus. Pygopus squamiceps. Plate 8, fig. 3. Animal and head. Pygopus squamiceps, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 68. Muzzle with 5 series of frontal jdates ; grey, with a se- ries of small spots on each side. Inhab. W. Australia. I have only seen a single specimen ; it may only prove a monstrosity of the former, with which it agrees in most characters, except those above mentioned. Delma, Gray. Pygodactylus, part, IVeigin. Head elongate, shielded, with 2 pai-ietal and a pair of large occipital shields. Rostral plate transverse, moderate. Eye circular ; pupil elliptical, erect. Ears ovate, open, simple-edged. Body subcylindrical. Tail tapering. Scales smooth. Hinder limbs short, scaly. Vent without any pores in front. Eraser's Delma. Delma Fraseri. Delma Fraseri, Gray, Zool. Misc. 14. Grey's Trav. Aus. ii. 427, t. 4,/. 3. Cat. Rept. B. M. 68. Olive, head white, with 4 more or less confluent black bands ; sides of neck white-spotted, beneath white. Inhab. New Holland. Fani. Aprasiad.e. Nostrils small, in the sutin-e between the top of the front upper labial and the anterior frontal. Head small, half conic, shielded. Muzzle rather produced, acute. Fron- tals large, 2 pair, covering the cheeks. Vertebral shield large, elongated, 6- sided. Superciliary shields 2 pair, small. Labials few, large. Eyelid rudimentary, circular, edged with a series of small scales. Pupil ro\md. Ears hidden under the scales. Body and tail cylindrical, tapering, co- vered with hexagonal scales and rather broader ventral shields. Limbs none. Aprasia, Gray. Limbs none. Scales smooth. By some mistake, the slip containing the description of this genus in uiy Sj-nopsis of Slender-tongued Saurians, [Ann. N. H. ii. 362), accidentally got into tlie wrong place, with Tiliqun, instead of being near Anyuis. The Aprasia. Aprasia pulchella, Grai/, Ann. N. H. ii. 332. Grey's Trav. Austr. ii. 428—438,' t. 4, /'. 2. Cat. Rept. B. M. 68. Pale brown, with a series of brown spots, one spot in the centre of each scale ; sides with the spots more connected, fonning interrupted streaks ; lips yellow. Lihab. Western Australia. Fam. LiALisiD.E. Head covered with rather imbricate scales. Cheeks scaly. Muzzle flattened in front. Nostrils in the hinder edge of a small nasal shield, in front of the face-ridge. Eyelid rudimentary, circular, scaly. Pupil elliptical, erect. Ears distinct. Body elongate, subcylindrical. Scales oval, smooth, imbricate. Belly with 2, tail with 1, series of larger shields. Limbs 2, ]Dosterior, short, undivided, flat, scaly. Tail rather tapering, elongate. Vent with a series of pores in front, each placed in the front edge of a scale. LiALis, Gray. The only genus. Burton's Lialis. Lialis Burtoni, Gray, Proc. Z. Soc. 1834, 134. Grey's Trav. Austr. ii. 437, t. 3, /". 1. Zool. Misc. 52. Cat. Rept. B. M. 69. Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 831. Above grey olive, in spirits, with 5 rather interrupted brown longitudinal streaks, the central streak divided into two over the nape, and united together again over the nose; the outer lateral streaks narrowest and more interrupted, edged with the two colours ; beneath blackish grey, with large white spots ; lips and streak under ear and along the side of the neck white. Inhab. Western Australia and Houtman's Abrolhos. The Two-lined Ll\lis. Lialis bicatenata. Plate 7, fig. 1. Lialis bicatenata, Gray, Zool. Misc. 52. Cat. Rept. B. M. 69. Above brown grey, in spirits, with a series of distant black spots (one on the centre of each scale) along each side of the back ; top of the head and nape with an indis- tinct double band, forming an elongated loop ; beneath blackl.sh grey, whitish dotted ; chin and throat blackish, white-spotted ; lip-shields brown. Inhab. Western Australia ? May be only a variety of Ij. Burtoni, but very differently coloured. The Dotted Lialls. Lialis pimctulata. Plate 8, fig. 1. Lialis punctulata. Gray, Zool. Misc. 62. Cat. Rent. B. M. 69. Brownish grey, very minutely black-dotted, beneath darker brownish grey, the two colours separated by a very narrow brown edge and a distinct white line; side of the head and neck dark chocolate brown, edged above with a very narrow, and beneath by a broader white band ; front upper and side lower labial plates white, the rest dark brown. Inhab. North Coast of New Holland, Port Essington. The body is much thicker and shorter than in either of the other species ; the tail is reproduced, so that it is not possible to refer to its comparative length. I have seen, but cannot procure to examine, what ap- peared to be a fourth species of this genus, from Australia, with a larger head. B. Eyes dislinct, eyelids dis/iiict, valvular. Head conical. Fam. SciNCiD.'E. Head subquadrangular, regidarly shielded. Rostral plate moderate, erect, sometimes rather produced and transversely keeled. Nostrils lateral in a more or less large nasal shield, with sometimes a su])ranasal over it, between the nasal and internasal. Body fusiform aud subcyhndri- cal. Tail cylindrical or tapering. Scales smooth, keeled, or striated. Limbs 4, more or less strong, sometimes want- ing, or rather hidden under the skin. Femoral pores none. 1. Scales thin, smooth, not striated nor keeled, unarmed. Nasal flat, smooth, without any lunate groove behind the nostril. Tail round, tapering, tinarmed. B. Toes compressed, simple. Head subquadrangular. Rostral erect, triangular. Nostril in the middle of the nasal shield. Lygosomina. a. Supranasal plate none. Body fusiform . Lower eyelid covered with scales. Frontoparietal separate. HiNDLiA, Gray. Lygosoma, part, Dum. et Bib. Le Keneux, part, Cocteau. Frontal plate oblong. Rostral erect, triangular. Palate toothless, with a deep triangular notch in front. Body fu- siform. Scales smooth, thin ; the 2 central preanal scales larger than the rest. Tail tapering, roundish. Legs mo- derate. Toes 5-5, slender, compressed. Heel of the hind feet suiTounded with granules. * Ears simple in front, roundish. Geruard's Hinulia. Hinulia Gerrardii. Plate 9. Hinulia Gerrardii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 75. Silvery grey (when dry), with a broad irregular brown band across the back of the neck, with a streak to the occiput, and a broader one to each fore leg; body with 6, tail with 12 or 14 broad crescent-like cross brown bands, which are spotted with grey when they cross the side ; limbs with brownish streaks ; head brown above, head- shields black-edged, with a brown streak on the temple, towards the ear ; chin white, brown-lined, belly brown- spotted ; ear open, simple in front, partly covered by the temple-scales ; supraocular plates 3-3, nasal nearly conti- guous, frontoi^arietal contiguous. Length 14 inches. Inhab. Australia. The Elegant Hinulia. Hinulia elegans. Plate 10, fig. 1. Hinulia elegans. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 75. Pale brown, back varied with black spots, more close, forming an irregular broad dark streak on the upper part of each side, beneath whitish ; chin varied with black ; lips and limbs blackish varied; nasal and frontonasal near- ly contiguous ; ears ovate, open, simple-edged. Inhab. New Holland. The Swan River Hinulia. Hinulia Greyii. Plate 10, fig. 2. Hinulia Greyii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 75. Olive, black-varied, with a dark-edged yellow streak on each side of the back ; sides black-spotted, with a yellow streak below; legs brown-streaked; lip-shields black- edged ; ears oblong, smooth-edged ; frontal triangular, elongate, frontonasal contiguous, frontoparietal and pa- rietal small, similar ; body thick, fusiform. Inhab. Swan River. Named in honour of Capt. George Grey, the Governor of South Australia, who discovered the species. The Slender Hinulia. Hinulia tenuis. Plate 10, fig. 3. Tiliqua tenuis, Gray, Griffith, A. K. ii. 71. Ann. N. H. ii. 291. Scincus erucatus, Peron, Mus. Paris. Lygosoma erucata, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 726. Keneux de Busseuil, Coct. Tab. Hinulia tenuis. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 76. Pale brown, varied, with an irregulai'-edged brown streak on each side ; scales in 8 series ; feet long, toes very slender ; muzzle rather short ; supraocular shields 4 ; ears round, open, simple-edged ; nostrils lateral, nasal triangu- lar, frontonasal nearly contiguous; tail elongate, rather compressed. Var. with sides white-speckled. Inhab. W. Australia, Swan River. The Bronzed Hinulia. Hinulia inornata. Plate 10, fig. 4. llimdia inornata, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 76. Pale nearly uniform brown bronze above, back wdth a rather nairow bright yellow rather darker-edged streak on each side ; the sides pale, with an indistinct yellow streak on the lower part of each, both streaks extending along the side of the tail ; chin and beneath whitish, with rather darker edges to the sides ; ears oblong, with 4 or 5 small compressed yellow scales in front. Inhab. Swan River. The LiNEATED HiNULiA. Iliiiulia twniolala. Hiniilia tseniolata, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 78. Lacerta tajiiiolata, Shaw, White's Jour. N. H. t. 32,/. 1. Gray, Griffith, A. K. ix. 68. Ann. N. H. ii. 289. Dum. ct Bib. E. G. V. 734. Scincus undecim-striatus, Kuhl, Beytr. 129. S. octolineatus, Daud. Rept. iv. 285. S. muUilineatiis, Lesson, Voy. Coq. t. 3,/. 2. Keneux de Lesueur, Coat. Tab. Brown or black, with 6 white streaks, continued and margining the shields of the head ; sides brown, with 2 white streaks ; tail pale, with 3 tapering streaks ; nasals contiguous ; scales of the back in 4 series ; ears denticu- lated in front ; frontonasal plates contiguous. Inhab. Australia. In the British Museum there is the specimen first de- scribed by Dr. Shaw, which was brought by Capt. White. White's Hinulia. Hinulia Whitei. Plate 11, fig. 1. Hinulia Whitei, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 79. Scincus Whitei, Lacep. Ann. Mas. iv. 192. S. ocellatus, and S. Lewisiensis, Peron, Miis. Paris. S. tseniolatus quadrilineatus, Merrem, Tent. 72. S. moniliger, Valenc. Mus. Par. Lygosoma moniligera, Dtim. et Bib. E. G. v. 736. Keneux de White, Coct. Tab. Tiliqua leucopsis. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 291. Pale olive, back with a central pale streak, and a regular white-spotted black streak on each side ; sides white-spot- ted; eyelid and ear-lobes white; lips black-varied; scales of the back as long as broad, in 8 series ; nasal plates con- tiguous ; ears strongly denticulated in front; frontonasal plates contiguous. Inhab. Houtman's Abrolhos. Var. 1. Dorsal streaks each with 2 rows of linear white specks. Inhab. Swan River. A stuffed specimen has a central reddish streak on the back. The New Zealand Hinulia. Hinulia ornata. Plate II, fig. 2. Hinulia ornata, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 77. Tiliqua ornata. Gray, Dieff. N. Z. ii. 202. Bright pale brown, varied with black and white spots ; sides with an irregular narrow pale streak above ; scales with short black streaks, some black on each side, white in the centre ; ears moderate, roundish, simple-edged. Brown, with black and white spots. Brown, with 3 blackish streaks, sides blackish, edged above and below with an irregular edged pale line. Inhab. N. Zealand. ** Ears denticulated in front. t Scales moderate, in 4 series. Laijillakdiere's Hinulia. Hinulia Labillardieri. Plate 11, fig. 3. Hinulia Labillardieri, Gra>i, Cat. Rept. B. M. 77. Keneux do I.abillardiere, Coct. Tab. Tiliqua Labillardieri, Gray, Ann. N. II. ii. 289. Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 734. Bronze green, speckled or lined with black ; sides black, white-dotted, and with 2 white streaks; nasals rhombic, large, nearly contiguous, frontonasal plates separate ; ears ovate, slightly denticulated in front; scales of the back large, in 4 series. Young, in spirits. Bronze green, with a scries of round white spots in the black on the sides of the back. Inhab. W. Australia. The Australian Hinulia. Hinulia australis. Plate 11, fig. 4. Hinulia australis. Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 78. Tiliqua australis. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 291. Lygosoma Lesueurii, Bum. et Bib. E. G. v. 733. Gray, Grey's Trav. Atistr. ii. 425. Pale brown, with a central white-edged brown streak ; sides black, with a narrow white streak above, a series of oblong white spots, as if formed of an interrupted streak, and a rather wide indistinct pale streak below ; ears half- ovate, with 4 strong teeth in front ; temple white, brown- spotted ; scales of the back in 4 series. Var. I. Back pale, with a while-edged central streak. Back with several white-edged streaks. Inhab. Houtman's Abrolhos. Mr. Goidd's collection. Var. 2. Back brown, without a streak. Inhab. W. Australia and Port Essington. Gilbert's Hinulia. Hinulia Essingtonii. Plate 7, fig. 2. Hinulia Essingtonii, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 78. Tiliqua Essingtonii, Gray, Zool. Misc. 51. Pale brown, nape with 3 indistinct black streaks, with a very distinct narrow broadly black-edged silvery streak fi-om the back angle of the eye to over the base of the tail, and with a broader more indistinct streak from the front to the hinder legs; sides of throat brown, white-spotted; chin, under side of limbs and beneath, yellow ; tail elongate, brown, with 2 narrow black streaks on each side ; limbs brown, with 3 indistinct black-dotted fines ; ears large, with 3 small scales on the front edge. Inhab. Port Essington, North coast of Australia. Like the preceding, but it has no white-edged central streak, and the lateral streak has indications of a white border to its upper edge. b. Supraiiaml plate none. Body fusiform. Loiver eyelid with a transparent disk. MocoA, Gray. Lygosoma, part, Dum. et Bib. Head subquadrangular. Rostral erect, triangular, con- vex. Nasal lateral, nearly contiguous, supranasal none, frontoparietal separate or united into one. Palate tooth- less, nicked behind. Ears oblong, slightly denticulated in front; tympanum deep. Lower eyelid with a central transparent disk. Chin with several pairs of large shields. Body fusiform. Scales smooth, with 3 or 4 black streaks. Limbs 4, strong. Toes 5-5, com|)ressed, unequal. Tail round, tapering, unarmed. Central preanal scales rather larger than the others. * Fronto-parietal plate single, lozenge-shaped. t Scales of the back moderate, in 6 series. Guichenot's Moco. Mocoa Guichenoti. Plate 7, fig. 3. Mocoa Guiclienoti, Cat. Kept. B. M. 80. Lygosoma Guichenoti, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 713. Gray, Grey's Trav. Austr. ii. 425. Bronze green, with a blackish streak on each side ; scales of the neck moderate ; frontoparietal ])late single, larger, elongate, lozenge-sha])ed, frontal triangular, equal- sided ; nasal plate small, quite lateral, internasal broad, truncated in front; ear large, nearly circular, open, simple- edged in front ; two of the four scales of the last preanal series larger than the rest. Inhab. King George's Sound. There is, in the British Museum, a specimen of this spe- cies which was sent from Paris by M. Bibron, under the name of Scincus Duperreyii, the name which he has ap- plied to the next species in his work. The same kind of error is observable in the other specimen sent at the same time. I should not have observed this mistake, if it did not explain some of the en'ors into which he has accused me of falling, such as considering his Scincus Vosmaeri the same as my Hagria, (see Erp. Gen. v. 762) ; my genus and species being absolutely described from his specimen so named, lent to mo for the purpose by M. Bibron ! The Nr:w Holland Moco. Mocoa trilincata. Plate 7, fig. 4. Mocoa trilincata, Gray, Cat. Repi. B. M. 81. Tiliqua trilincata. Gray, Ann. N. H. ii. 29L Lygosoma Duperreyii, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 715. Olive, black-spotted, with a pale streak on each side, sides blackish, white-dotted; ears moderate, oval, front edge covered with 2 scales ; nasal lateral, nearly contigu- ous, frontojiarietal plate single, lozenge-shaped, frontal rhombic, short and blunt before, long and acute behind. Var. 1. Olive, scales of the back and sides black-edged, nut spotted. Var. 2. Olive, black and white spotted, sides blackish, white-dotted. Inhab. S. Australia. tt Scales of the back small, in 8 or 10 series. The Black-chinned Moco. Mocoa melanopogon. Plate 7, fig. 5. Mocoa melanopogon, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. SO. Olive, varied with black, and with 2 or 3 white streaks in some of the scales ; side of the head and neck black, with a white streak under the eyes from the back edge of the ear; chin and throat black, with a central white spot on each scale, beneath silvery ; nasal lateral, frontonasal contiguous ; scales of the back rather small, in 8 or 10 se- ries, of the sides smaller ; disk of lower eyelid very large. Inhab. Port Essington. ttt Scales of the back very small, in numerous series. The Eyed Moco. Mocoa ocellata. Plate 7, fig. 1. Mocoa ocellata, Gray, Cat. Rept. B. M. 81. Olive, varied with numerous sometimes confluent black dots, forming rings on the sides, beneath whitish ; scales very small, in many series ; nasal rhombic, lateral ; disk of lower eyelid large. Inliab. Australia. ** Interparietal plates 2, separate. t Ear ovate, partly covered with the scales above. Entrecasteaux's Moco. Mocoa Entrecasteauxii. Plate 7, fig. 2. Mocoa Entrecasteaxii, Gray, Cat. B. M. 82. Lygosoma Entrecasteauxii, Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 717. Olive, back with a broad blackish central streak, some- times with series of spots on the side, sides blackish, with 2 narrow white streaks ; nasal plates small, nearly conti- guous ; temple covered with large scales; transparent disk of the lower eyelid very large ; ears moderately open, near- ly equal ; frontoparietal plate double, frontonasal nearly contiguous. Inhab. Australia. The MoKo MoKo. Mocoa Zelandica. Plate 7, fig. 3. ] ]\Iocoa Zelandica, Grai/, Cat. Rept. B. M. 82. Tiliqua Zelandica, Gray, Dieff. N. Z. ii. 202. Tiliqua Moko, Gray, MSS. Dum. et Bib. E. G. v. 718. Pale brown, bronzed, with 2 narrow black-edged bright streaks on each side, the lower one continued down the front of the legs ; sides blackish ; the ironlonasal nearly contiguous, frontoparietal separate, similar to the parietal, nasal nearly contiguous ; ears moderate, nearly circular, sinqile-edged ; preanal scales nearly equal, larger ; ])alpe- bral disk moderate. Inhab. Cook's Straits, New Zealand, Bay of Islands. J .List of the Saurians of Australia and New Zealand. By Albert Gunther, M.A., M.D., PhD., F.R.S., A'.P.Z.S., Keeper of the Zoological Department of the British 3Iuseuni. I\ tliH year 184."!, wlic-n tlie ]iulilicatiiin of the Zoology of the " Erelms and Terror" was discontinued, Dr. dray had already prepared some of tlie materials for the second part of the account of the Reptiles, and the j)lates intended for it had been drawn on stone and the majority of them printed. These plates remained unpublished until the year 18(>7, when, considering it a pity that work so beautifully executed and so useful to the Herpetologist should be lost, he determined to render them accessible by publishing them as a collection of figures of Australian Lizards. Thus, then, appeared a fasciculus under the title "The Lizards of Australia and New Zealand in the collection of the British Museum," consisting of a nominal list and eighteen plates. Of these plates, plates 7, 10, 11, and 15 to 19 had not Vieeti previously publislied; the others had already appeared in the Zoology of the "Erebus and Terror," with the exception of plates 5 and 6, of which proofs only had been printed, the drawings having been afterwards inadvertently effaced by the lithographic printer. Having fortunately discovered the proofs of these two plates, with the figures named in Dr. CJray's handwriting, in a collection of miscellaneous drawings given to me by him, I induced the publisher of the present edition to have them re-lithographed by Mr. Ford (the same artist who had drawn the originals), as the figures had been referred to by Dr. Gray in the preceeding pages as well as in the "Catalogue of Lizards." Thus I believe, all the figiiic^; of Reptiles executed for the "Zoology of the Erebus and TeiTor," are now before the public. After the lapse of nearly thirty years, there were serious difficulties in the way of simply continuing the letterpres.< as originally planned and abruptly terminated on p. 8, and it was finally determined to give a complete list of all tin- species of Australian and New Zealand Saurians at present known, with references to the principal works and figures and indications of their habitats. Descriptions of a few new species lately received by the British Museum have been added. CROCODILIA. LACERTILIA. 1. Ckocodilus porosus. Vvrvmdf C'rorodilus porosus, (Schneid.), Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind p. 6-2. C^hieensland. Odatri.v punctata. Plate 1. 2. Ckocodilus johnstoxi. Odatria punctata, Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 7. Northern and Western Australia. (Port Essiugton Perth). Crocodilm jolimtoni, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. .334; Gray, f ^V^, 1«74 p. 177, pi 27. 5 Odatria semireme. Lardwell, Rockingham Bay. RHYNCHOCEPHALIA. Hattekia punctata. Plate 20. Odatria semireme, Peters, Berl. Monatsljer. ISiJO. p. 6." Port Essington, Cape York. 6. Odatria ocell.\ta. Plate 2. Hatteria punctata. Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 72 ; Giinth, Pliil. Trans. 1867, pp. 595—629; pis. 26—28. Odatria ordlata. Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 8. New Zealand (North Island). Northern and Western Australia. (Nicol Bay). 7. Monitor gouldii. Plate 3. .Uonitor gouldi'i, Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 12. Queensland ; Northern and Western Australia, (Port l*J5.sington, Shark's Bay) ; Adelaide. 8. Monitor chlorostigma. Monitor Morostiyimt, Schleg. Abbild. neu. Amphib. pi. :>■>. fig. 6 (head). ( elebes, Ceram, Borneo, Solomon Island, Cape York. 9. Hydrosaurus varius. Jfydrosav.rus varius, Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 12. Australia. 15. Menetia greyii. Plate 5, fig. 4. Menetia greyii. Gray, Catal. Liz. ]>. 66. Western and Southern Au.stralia, (Adelaide). 16. MiCULlA ELEGANS. Plate 5, tig. 3 Mieidia elegans, Gray, Catal. Liz. pi. 66. Western Australia. 17. Lerista lineata. Lerista lineata, Bell, Zool. Journ. V. p. oL'.'l, tab. 2(1. fig. ; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 82.5. Plastern and Western Australia. (Swan IJiver). 10. Hydrosaurus bellii. Hydrosaurus hellii, Dum. & Bibr. Erp. (Jt'iier. IH, p. 49o, ])1. 35, lig. 1 ; Gray, in Grey, Trav. Austr. II, p. 422. North-eastern Australia. 11. Hydrosaurus giganteus. Plate 4. Ilyilriisaiirus (jigantcws, Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 13. Xortliern and Southern Australia. PYGOPODID/E. 18. Pygopus lepidopus. Plate 8, hg. 3. Pygopus lepidopjis, (Lact^p.), Giinth. Ann. & ]\lag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, ip. 4:5.=ITysteropus nova-, hollandkr, Dum. & Bibr. V. p. 828, pi. 55. = Pygopu.s squamicfps, (uay, (at. Liz. p. 68. Western, Southern and Eastern Australia. Pare in Tasmania. CJymxopthalmid.e. 19. Pygopus gracilis. Ckvptoblepharus pcecilopleukus. Plate 5, fig. 2. Pygopus gracilis, (Mus. lMgA)^Plethola,i: grariJix, Cojie, , , I'roc. Ac. N. Sc. Pliilad. 1874, p. 229. Acad. r, ,, , . ^ ,• ^ Cn/ntoUrpharus pacilopleitrus, Wiegm. Nov. Act. Acad. ,, ,, ' ' ' ' . \ ' . Leo,,. XV. 1835, p. 202, tab. 18, fig. 1 ; Giinth. Proc. ^outh-westem Austn ('. Leop. XV. 1835, p. 202, tab. 18, fig. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 296. South Sea Islands ; Northern, Western and Southern Australia. (Adelaide, Swan Paver). 13. CKYI'TmBLEPHAIU'S lineo-ocei.latus. Cryptohlepharus lineo-occllatus, CJray, in Grey's Trav Austr. II, p. 427. Swan Eiver ; Kangaroo Island. 14. MoRETHiA anomala. Plate "), fig. 1. .Vorr/Iu'n inioniida. Gray, Catal. Liz. p. 65. Kastciii, Woiciu and Southern Australia. (Adelaide, Sam 111 I list, ilnckhauipton). Tliis lizard difiers in nothing from Cryptohlrpharus Aj^rasia piihJiella, Gv^y, in (ivey's Trav. in Austral. 11, //.r,wW/../,/,s, except in having the supranasal separated by' p. 438, tab. 4, fig. 2 ; Giinth. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1873, a suture Irom the nasal ; and it appears to me very doubt- Aug. p. 14:5.=Aprasia odolinenta, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad, lul whether the presence or absence of a supranasal can be 18(33 p. 233. 20. Delma eraseri. Ihlraa fraseri, Gray, in (irey's Trav. in Austral. H. p. 427, taV). 4, fig. 3 ; Giinth. Ann! Mag. Nat. Hist. ls7:i._[., \4:5.=DelmM grayi, Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr. Pept. jil. TH. fig. '2. = Dclma inolleri, Liitken, Nat. Foren. A'id. ^Icild. 1862. AVestern and Southern Australia, (Perth, Chuiniiiou ISav, Nicol Bay, Adelaide). Aprasiid^e. 21. ApRASIA ITLCHELLA. il.ways used as a generic character. Western and Southern Australia, (Swau River, Adelaide). * In the original proof of this j.latp the nainrs iittaehi'il bv'Dr tor rr hn,^.„cr/l„lMs, but it i.s «ith„ut any .ioul.t tnk.M, from u already in his huuUs. i-identlv confuse,! ; i-hicl, Jt the tin,.- pears to have inteniled fii;. "J I-IAUn.-K. 22. LiALis BVUTONi. Plate 8, fig. 2. Lialis hurtonii. Gray in Grey's Jouin. in Austral. II, p. 437, tab. 3, fig. 1, tab. 5, fig. 4. ' Western Australia, (Houtman's Abrolhos, Champion Bay, Swan River). 22a. Li..\.lis leptokiiyncha. Lialk Ici/torhi/nchfr, Peters, MB. Berlin Acad. 1873, p. 605. Port Mackav. 23. Lialis pu.n'ctul.vta. Plate 8, fig. 1. Lialis 2ntnctidata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 52, & Cat. Liz. p. l>9 ; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 46 ; Dum. Cat. Eept. 1851, p. 195.= Lialis bicatenata, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 52, & Cat. Liz. p. 69. Eastern, Xorthern and Western Australia, (Sydney, ( "ape York, Port Essington). SCINCID^. 24. Hinulia gerrakdi. Plate 9. Hinulio (jermrdi. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 'tb,=Hcm.isphmrio~ iio» (jcrrardi, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1867, p. 23. (Queensland, (Eockhampton, Clarence River). 2.".. HiNULiA tenuis. Plate 10, fig. 1 & Plate 11, fig. .3. Hiiiiiliii (eauis, Gray in Griff. Ann. Kingd. IX, p. 71, & ("at. Liz. p. 7G;=Li/gosoma criicata, Dum. Bibr. Erp. Gen. V. p. 726 ■,=Hinulia elerjans, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 76. (Plate 10, fig. 1, JI. ekgans; and plate 11, fig. 3, H. tenvAs). Eastern and Western Australia, (Sydney, Clarence River, Nicol Bay). 26. HixuuA GASTEO.'STiCTA, Giiuth. Allied to H. degam, but with much smaller scales which form from 38 to 41 longitudinal series round the body, there being 82 scales in a series between the chin and vent. The anterior and posterior froutals and the vertical meet in a point. Ear-ojjening veiy wide, ovate, without lobed margin. Tail compressed. A narrow whitish band runs from the supraciliary along each side of the back, disappearing about the middle of the trunk. Upper parts greenish-olive, vnxh scattered black specks of the size of a scale irregularly arranged. Sides of the trunk lilack, with white specks; sides of the tail black-spotted. Lower parts wliitish, with more or less numerous black spots longitu- dinally arranged. Four specimens from Kangaroo Island, 1 1 inches long. Distance of snout from vent 93 mm. „ ear • 20 „ Lengtii of fore leg 28 „ third and fourth fingers 8 „ hind leg 43 „ tliird toe 9 „ „ fourth toe 15 „ fifth toe 8 „ 27. HlNTLIA I.AIilLLARDIEKI. Plate 1 0, fig. 3, (/T. (^fyitj. Hinulia labillardieri (Coot.), = Tiliqua lahiUardieTi, (iray, Ann. Nat. Hist. II, p. 289,= Lygosoma labillardieri, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. \. p. 7Sl,=JIinvlia labillardieri, (iray, Cat. Liz. p. 77, = Hinulia grei/ii. Gray, I.e. p. 76. Eastern and Western Australia, (Kiug tieorge's Sound, Swan River). 28. Hinulia hra.nchialis. HiiuiUa hranchiidis, Gltnth. Ann. & -Mag. Nat. Hist. 18ii7, XX, J). 47. Western Australia, (Chanij>ion Bay). 29. Hinulia fasciolata. Hinulia fasciolata, Giinth, Ann. & ^lag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 47. Queensland, (Rockhamptou, Port Curtis). 30. Hinulia striatula. Hinulia striattda, Steindachner, Novara, Eej)t. p. 49, {Euprepes striatulus). New South Wales and Western Australia, (Sundav Island). 31. Hinulia orn.\t.\. Plate 11, fig. 1. Hinulia ornata. Gray, in Dieffenb. N. Z. II, p. 201. {Tiliqua) ; and Cat. Liz. p. 77. New Zealand. 32. Hinulia scho.mburgki. Himdia schomburgki, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1873, p. 231, (Lygosoma). Soutli Australia, (Adelaide). 33. HiNULU AUSTR.U,I3. Himdia australis. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. II, p. 291, {Tiliqiui), and Cat. Liz. p. 77,= Lygosoma lesv.curii, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 733. Western and Southern Australia, (Port Essington, Houtmau's Abrolhos, Adelaide). 12 34. Hjntlia essingtoni. ffinulia essingtonii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 78. Nortli Australia, (Port Essington). 35. HiNULiA iNOUXAT.v. Plate 10, fig. 2. ffinulia inornat'!,,' Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 78. Northern anil Western Australia, (Cape York, Swan Eiver). This species is not always so plainly coloured as the typical specimen ; but generally it is ornamented with black, white edged bands, similar in arrangement to those of ff. australis. It may be considered a variety of this lat- ter species, but with somewhat smaller and more numerous scales which form 30, and in one specimen even 34 longi- tudinal series round the body, whilst in the true H. australis they are arranged in 26 series only. 36. HiNULIA T.EXIOLATA. Hinulia tceiiMata, (Sliaw) ; "Wliite. Journ. pi. 32, fig. 1 ; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 78,=Lyi/osoma twniolatum, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. lZ^,=Scincus multiiineo.tus, Less. Voy. Coq. pi. 3, fig. 2. New South Wales. 37. Hinulia whitii. ffinulia ivhitii, (Lac), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 79, = Li/fjosoma monUi(jcruvi, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 736. Australia generally, Tasmania, (Kangaroo Island, Hout- man's Abrolhos, Swan River, Adelaide, Sydney, Gayndah, Rockluunpton). Di.stance of snout from vent . 1 nun „ „ „ ear 14 ,. Length of fore limb 1 '•-• ,. third and fourth fore toes 3 ,. „ hind limb 27 „ „ third hind toe 6 „ fourth „ ;> „ fiftli „ _ 4i „ One specimen from Nicol Bay, is in the British Museum. 41. MOCOA GUICHENOTI. Mocoa guichenoti, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 713 {Lygosoma),=Lygosoma duperreyi, Dum. Bibr. 1. c. p. 715, = Mocoa guichenoti, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. SO,=Mocoa triUneata, Gray, 1. cl p. 81. Southern and Western Australia and Tasmania, (Sydney. Loyalty Island, Swan Eiver). 42. Mocoa microtis. Plate 7, fig. 2. Mocoa microtis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 83. Swan liiver. 43. Mocoa owenii. Mocoa owenii. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 272. Hab. ? 44. Mocoa ceassicauda. Mocoa crussicauda, Hombr. & Jacq. Voy. Austi pi. 4, fiir. 1 {Lggosoma) ; Dum. Cat. Meth. p. 172. New'^Hollanil. i;..pt. 38. Hinulia pantheeina. ff inula ■pantlurina, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1866, p. 89. Swan River. 39. Hinulia kiciiakdsonii. Plate 11, fig. 2. ffinulia ricJuirdsonii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 79. Western Australia, (Iloutman's Abrolhos, Champion Bay). 45. Mocoa mustelina. Mocoa mustelina, O'Shaughnessy, Ann. & ^lag. Nat. Hist. XIII. 1874, p. 299. Sydney. 46. Mocoa ocellata. Plate 7, Hg, 3. Mocoa ocellata, Gray, Cat. Liz. ]). 82. Tasmania. 40. Hinulia pallida. Giintli. The pricfrontal is in contact with the rostral as well as vertical which is much elongate; the anterior and central occ.ii)itals similar in shape and size. Seven ujijier labials. 'IMiirty-tsvo longitudinal scries of scales round the middle ol tli(! body. Eighty .scales in a longitudinal series lie.twei^n the chin an8,=Mocoa striata, Buller, 1. c. New Zealand. 53. Mocoa (?) laxa. Mocoa (?) laxa, Hutton, Trans. N. Z. Inst. IV, 1872, p. 169. New Zealand. 54. Mocoa gkandis. Mocoa, grandis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 272. New Zealand, (Soutli Island). 56. Carlia melanopogon. Plate 7, fig. 7. Car Ha melanopogon, Gray, Cat. Liz. pp. 81 & 272. North Australia, (Port Essington). 561i. Cyclodin-a .'EXea. Cyelodina cetua, Girard in Wilkes N. Z. Expl. Exp. XX, p. 236, pi. 26, figs. 9—16. New Zealand. 57. Lygosoma .\usti;ai.e. Plate 6, fig. 3. Lygosoma australe. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. p. 332, & Cat. Liz. p. 85,=JIimdia gracilipes, Steindaclmer, S. B. Wien. Acad. 1870, LXIL p. '342, tab. 5. Swan River, Piockhampton, Cape York and Adelaide. 58. Lygosoma bougainvillii. Lyijosonia bougainvillii, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 716,= Lygosoma laterale, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 46. South Australia, (Adelaide, Kangaroo Island). 59. Lygosoma punctul.vtu.m. Lygosoma punctulatum, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1871, p. 646. North Australia, (Port Bowen, Cape York). 60. LY'GOSOMA SCrilKOSTRUM. Lygosoma scutirostrum, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1873, p. 743. Port Bowen. 54b. Lygosomella /Estuosa. Lygosomdla wstuosa, Girard, in AVilkes Explor. Exped. XX; p. 251, pL 28, figs. 1—8. New Zealand. 61. COPKOSCIN'CUS obscurus. Cophoscincus ohscurus, O'Shaughnessy, Ann. & Mag Nat. Hist. XIV, 1874, p. 35. Queensland. 55. MOCOA NIGKOPLAXTARIS. Mocoa niqroplantaris, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1873, p. 744. New Zealand. 55b. HOMBUONIA r.XDOSA. Homhronia mulosa, Girard in Wilkes Expl. Exp. XX, p. 240, pi. 27, figs. 17—24. New Zealand. 62. Tetkadactylus decresiexsis. Plate 6. fig. 4. Tctradartylns dccresiensis, (PA'on), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 86. Western Australia, (Swan Eiver, Champion Bay, Kangaroo Island). New South Wales, (King George's Sotind). 63. Hemieugis decuesiexsis. Plate 6, fig. 5. Hemiergis dccresiensis, (PA'on), Gray, Cat, Liz. p. 86. Swan Eiver and Adelaide. c 2 64. HEMIEKGIS rOLYLEPIS. Hemicr'jis 2whjlcpis, Gtintli. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 48. Soutli Australia, (Kangaroo Island). 73. Ehodona punctato-vittata. Rhoilona pundato-vittata, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 46. Queensland. 65. Chelomeles QUADKiuxEATrs. Plate 6, %. 2. Chclomclcs qiuulrilincatus, Dum. Bilir. Erp. gen. V, p. 774. Western Australia, (Houtman's Abrolhos, Champion Bay, Swan Eiver). 74. Ophioscixcus australis. Ophioscincus australis, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1873, p. 747. Port Bowen. 66. C'lIELOMELES nETlCUL.\TUS. Chelomeles reticulatus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1873, p. 146. Clarence Paver. OMOLEPIDA CASUARINtE. Omolejrida casuarince, Dum. Bilir. Erp. gen. V, p. 749. Tasmania and South-eastern Australia, (Sydney). 68. LiSSOLEPIS LUCTUOSA. Lissolepis luctuosa, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1866, p. 90, ■& 1872, p. 776. South-western Australia. 69. SiAPHOS yEqualis. Plate 6, fig. 1. Siaplios mqualis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 89. South-eastern Australia, (Sydney). 70. Anomalpus vereeauxii. Anamdlnpiix rn-rrrnixii, Dum. Cat. m^th. p. 185; Peters, Ml;. I'mtI. a. ■;,.!. ISCT, ], 24; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 18G7, p. -il — Shi phos simplex, Cope, Proc. Phil. Acad. 1864, p. 229= A nomalo2ms t/odeftroiji, Peters, 1. c. New South Wales and Queensland, (Brisbane, Clarence liiver). 71. PiIIODOXA PUNCTATA. Ehodona jmnctata. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 89 = Eonia catcmdata, Gray, in Grey's Trav. Austr. II, ]i. 437, tab. 4, fig. 1 = Brachystoijas linco-puncivlatus, (Smitli MS.) Dum. Cat. m^th. p. 186. Western Australia, (Swan Piiver). 75. SORIDIA lixeata. Soridia lineata. Gray, in Grey's Trav. Austr. II, p. 428, tab. 3, fig. 2, & Cat. Liz. p. 92 ■,=zPJwlcq}hilus capemis, Smith, 111. Zool. S. Afr. App. p. 15 ; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1873, p. 147. Western Australia. 76. Soridia miopus. Soridia miopus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 370. Champion Bay. 77. Eumeces albofasciolatus. Etimeees albofasciolatus, Giinth, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1872, XX, p. 49. 78. Mabouia hieroglyphica. Mahouia hieroglyp)hica, Hombr. & Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud. Kept. pi. 5, fig. 1, {Lygosoma) ; Dum. Cat. m^tli. p. 166. ■Tasmania. 79. Mabouia iiaci!Ura. Mahouia macrura, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 48. Cape York. 80. Bkachymeles leuckartii. Brachymeks Icvcl-urtii, AYeinland, Abhandl. Senckenb. Ges. IV, 1862, p. 140, talj. 5, fig. 3. New Holland. 12. PtIIODOXA GERKARIII. 80a. NoRBEA (?) ISOLATA. Ehodona fjcrrardi, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, Norlea (?) isolata, Hutton, Trans. N. Z. Inst. IV, 1872. XX. p. 46. p. 170. \\'estern Australia, (Swan River, Champion Bay). Bay of Plenty. 81. TR.VCHYDOSAUKUS RUGOSUS. Traclujclosaurus rugoms, Gray in King's "Voy. Austr. II, p. 424, & Cat. Liz. p. 102. Western and Southern Australia, (Houtnian's Abrollios, Sydney). 82. HVDROSAUliUS ASPER. Tmchydosaurus aqKr, (Jray, Cat. Liz. p. 103. Adelaide. 83. Cyclodus gigas. Cijclodus gigas, (Bodd.), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. lQ'i;=i djclodm loddcertii, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V, p. 752. Australia generally and Tasmania. (Port Essington, Sydney, Adelaide, Gayndah). '.»(). Silubosaurus dei'uessus, Giinth. Tills new species differs from S. stohesii in having tlie liind pait of the body and esijecially the tail strongly depressed and flattened. Tlie scales wliich in S. stohesii are unispinous on tlie tail, and partly bispiuous ou the back, are provided with three spines in the present species on tlie back of the tail as well as of the body, the central spine of each scale being tlie strongest. Olive-green ^vith irregular black narrow tranverse markings or spots. Lower spots M-hitish, with small blackish spots. Two specimens from Swan Eiver are in the British Museum ; the larger is five inches long. 91. EgERNIA CUNNIXGIIAill. Egcrnia cunninghami, Gray in Stokes Trav. Austr. & Cat. Liz. p. 105 \=Egcrnia krefftii, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1871, p. 30. Southern and Western Australia, (Adelaide, Sydney). 84. Cyclodus nigro-luteus. Cyclodus nigro-lutevs, (Wagl.), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 104; Quoy & Gaim. Voy. Uran. Kept. pi. 41. (Scincus). Tasmania and Houtman's Abrollios. 85. Cyclodus occipitalis. Cyclodus ocajntalis, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1863, ]>. 231. Adelaide and Swan Biver. 86. Cyclodus adelaidexsis. Cyclodus c'.dclaidensis, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1863, p. 231. Adelaide and Swan Eiver. 92. Tropidolepisma kixgii. Plate 13. Tropidolcpisiiia kingii, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. II, p. 280, & Cat. Liz. p. lQ&;=Tropidolcpisnu(, duinerilii, Dum. Bibr. Erp. gen. V. p. 745. Western and Southern Australia, (Houtman's Abrollios, Swan Eiver). 93. Tropidolepisma xitidu.m. Plate 12. Tro2ndolepisma nitidum, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 106. Western Australia, Queensland, (Swan Eiver, Wide Bay). 04. Tropiikjlepisma majus. Plate 14. Tropidolepisma majus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 107. Eastern Australia, (Sydney, Eockhampton). 87. Cyclodus petersii. Cyclodus 2Ktersii, Strauch, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 1866, X, p. 449. __? yo. IIJDPIDOLEPISMA STRIOLATUM. Tropidolepisma striulatum, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1870 p. 787. Northern Australia. Cyclodus fasciatus. 96. TliOI'IDOLEPISMA RICHARDI. Cyclodus fasciatus, Liitken, Vid. Medd. 1863, p. 292, tab. Tropidolepisma richardii, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1869 1 & 2, fig. 1. p. 787. New HoUand. Northern Australia. Silubosaurus stokesii. 97. Tropidolepisma dorsale. Silubosaurus stokesii, Gray in Stokes Trav. Austr. & Cat. Tropidolejiisma dorsale, Peters, JIB. Berl. Acad. 1873 p. Liz. p. 104. 642, & 1872, p. 775. Western Australia, (Houtman's Abrollios). Port Bowen. 16 98. HETERorrs schmkltzii. Hrteropis schmdtzn, Teters, MB. Beii. AcaJ. 1867, p. 23. Iiockliampton. 99. Hkteropus khomboidalis. Heterosis rlwmUodalis, Teters, MB. Berl. Acad. 1869, p. 446. North-eastern Australia, (Port Mackay). Scarcely distinct from H. fuscus; without separate central occipital shield. 100. Oedura maemorata. Plate 16, fig. 1 (juv.), and fig. 4. Occhira marmorata, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 147. North-western Australia, (Port P^sington). 101, Oedura riiombifera. Plate 16, fig. 6. Oedura rhovM/era, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 147 =PJnjUo- dactylus Icsueurii, Dum. Bibr. Eqi. gen. Ill, p. 392. Western Australia. 102. Oedctja vekrillii. Oedura verriUii, Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1869, p. 318. New Holland. 103. Strophura spixigera. Plate 16, fig. 5. Strophura spinvjr.ra, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. liS^Phyllo- dadylus strophura, iJum. Eihr. Erp. gen. Ill, p. 307, pi. 32, fig. 1. Western and Southern Australia, (Houtnian's Abrolhos, Freeniantle, Champion Bay, Sydney). 107. Diplodactylus marmoratus. Plate 15, fig. 6. Diplodactt/lus marmoratus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 149. Western, and Northern Australia, (Kangaroo Island,. Swan River, Freeniantle, Champion Bay, Houtman's Abrolhos, Norfolk Island, Aneiteum). 108. Diplodactylus polyophthalmus. Diplodactylus p>olyophthalmus, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 49. Western Australia, (Champion Bay, Nicol Bay). 109. Stenodactylopsis tessellatus. Giinth. Back covered with comparatively large flat tessellated tubercles, which on the sides are rather smaller, scale-like and slightly imlsricate. Ear opening minute. LoM-er parts with very small scales. Nine upper and ten lower labials. Chin shield longer than broad, whithout larger scutes behind. Tail (rejiroduced) witli the scutes in narrow verticelli. Limbs slender, the fore-leg, if stretched for- ward, reaches to the nostril, the hind-leg to the axil. Whitish with faint irregular brownish spots. Distance of snout from vent 49 mm. eye 6 „ ear 13 „ Length of fore leg 19 „ hind leg 23 „ One specimen in the British Museum from Australia. 110. Stenodactylopsis pulcher. Stc7iodact>/lopsis pidcher, Steindachner, SB. Wien. Acad. 1870, p. 343, pi. 2, figs. 3—5. Swan River. 104. Diplodactylus vittatus. Plate 16, fig. 3. Diplodactylus vittatus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 148. Western and Eastern Australia, (Champion Bay Sydney). 105. Dipdodacytlus orx.itus. Plate 16, fig. 2. Diplodactylus ornatus. Gray, Cat. Liz. ]i. 149 = Diplodarfylus furcosus, Peters, MB. Bcrl. Acad. 186;'. i) 22'.i, \- isiiG, p. 446. Wrstcni and Southern Australia, (Houtman's Abrolhos, Adelaide, New South Wales). lOCi. Diplodactylus ocellatus. Plate 15, fig. 3, D. Ulineatus; fig. 4. D. ocrUatm. Diplodactylus ocellatus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 149 = Diplodactylus Inlimcdus, Gray, 1. c. Giinth.; Ann. & Mao- Nat. Hist. 18G7, XX, p. 49. ^' Western Australia, (Champion P.av, Houtman's Abrolho.s). ' . 111. Rhyxchoedura orxata. Ehi/nchocdura ornata, CUinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867," XX, p. 50. Nienl Bay. 112. Phyllodactylus axomalus. P/n/llodacti/lus anomalus, Peters, MB. Berl. Acad., 1867,' p. 14. ' Queensland, (Rockhampton). This species might be referred to Discodaciylvs (Tschudi. 113. Hemidactylus depressus. Plate 15, fig. 1. Hniiidacti/lvs depressus, Cfray, Cat. Liz. p. 153. Hab. ? ' ■ 114. Hemidactylus brookii. Plate 15, fig. 2. Hemidactylus hroolii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 153. Borneo and Australia. 17 115. Hemidactylus vittatus. Tlate 15, fig. 5. Hemidactyhis vittatus. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 155. Port Essiugton. 116. Hemidactylus variegatus. Heviidactylus variegatics,D\im. Bibr. Erp. Gen. Ill, p. 353. Western Australia, (Houtman's Abrollios, Champion Bay). 125. Naultixus grayi. Naultinus grayi, Bell, Voy. Beagle. Eept. p. 27, pi. 14, fig. 2. New Zealand. 126. Naultinus punctatus. Naultinus punctatus. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 169. New Zealand. 117. Hemidactylus tusillus. 127. Naultinus lixeatus. Heviidadylus pusilhis. Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1869, Naultinus lincatus. Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1869, P- ?19-. . .. Ill, p. 243. New Zealand. South-western Australia. 118. Pentadactylus brunneus. Pcntadactylus bmnneus, Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1869, p. 320. New Holland. 128. GONIODACTYLUS AUSTKALIS. Goniodactylus a%cstralis. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 172. Hab. ? 119. Gecko trachyl^emus. Gecko trachylcemus, Peters, M.B. Berl. Acad. 1872, p. 774. Northern Australia 120. Gehyra australis. Gehyra australis, Gray Cat. Liz. p. 163. Western and Northern Australia, (Swan Eiver, Champion Bay, Port Essington, Sunday, Loyalty, and Norfolk Islands). 121. Gehyra grayi. grayi, Steindachner in Novara, Eept. p. 11. New South Wales. 122. Naultinus pacificus. Naultinus pacificus. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 169. New Zealand. 129. Heteronota Hcteronota binoei. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 174; Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, XX, p. 50 ■,=EuMepharis derbianus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 21A i^Hoplodactylus aw^^?-aKs, Steindach- ner, Novara, Eept. p. 18, tab. 1, fig. 2. Western and Northern Australia, (Champion Bay, Hout- man's Abrollios, Port Essington, Queensland). 130. Phyllurus platurus. Plate 17, fig. 3. Phyllurus platurus, Shaw, in White, Journ. N.S. Wales, p. 246, tab. 3, fig. 2, (Lacerta). Southern and Eastern Australia, (Sydney, Macquarie Eiver). 131. Phyllurus miliusii. Plate 17, fig. 2. Phyllurus miliusii, (Bory St. Vincent), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 176. Western and Southern Australia, (Houtman's Abrolhus,- Champion Bay, Adelaide, Sydney). 123. Naultinus granulatus. Naultinus granulatus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 273. New Zealand. 132. Phyllurus inermis. Plate 17, fig. 1. Phyllurus inermis, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 176. Sydney. 124. Naultinus elegans. Naultinus elegans, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 169 ; Buller, Trans. N.Z. Inst. Ill, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. l.=Naultinus sulphureus, Buller, l.c. New Zealand. Agamid^. 133. Gixdalia bennettii. Gindalia lennetiii. Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 247. North-western Australia. ICHTHYOLOGY VOYAGE OF H.M.S. EREBUS & TERROR, UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS, R.N., F.R.S. SIR JOHN RICHARDSON, Knt., M.D., P.R.S., &c. y'SPECTOI! OF NAVAI, HOSPITALS, ETC., ETC. LONDON M.DCCC.XLIV. M.DCCC.XLVIII. FISHES METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. SC0MBERISID,fi. Gasterochisma melampus (Rich.) PI. XXXVII. f. 1—3 . . . . . .60 New Zealand. Caranx georgianus (C. et V.) PI. LVIII. f. 1—3 . 135 Australia. Caranx paraspistes (Rich.) PI. LVIII. 16,7 . 136 North Australia. Caranx speciosus (Forsk.) PI. LVIII. f. 4, 5 . 136 Australia. Polynesia. Malay Archipelago. Indian Ocean. Red Sea. Eqiuila senulifera (Rich.) PI. LIX. f. 12—14 . 137 Australia. Sphyr^nid^. Alepisaurus (Lowe) PI. XXII. f. 1— 4 . .34 Tasmania. Zeid,«. Zeus australis (Rich.) PI. XXV. f. 1. .36, 138 Sidney. Western Australia. Capros australis (Rich.) PI. LIX., f. 1— .5 . 137 Tasmania. South Australia. N0TACANTHID.E. Notacanthus sexspinis (Rich.) PI. XXXII. f. 4—11 54 Western Australia. CVCLOPTERID^. Lepidogaster puniceus (Rich.) PI. XLIII. f. 1 — 7 71 New Zealand. Chironectes caudimaculatus (Riipp.) PI. LX. f. 8, 9 125 Red Sea. Australia. Chironectes trisignatus (Rich.) Ph IX. f. 1 .15 Western Australia. Chironectes pictus (Cuv.) var. vittatus, PI. IX. f. 3, 4 . Tropical Atlantic. Chironectes politus (Rich.) PI. IX. f. 2 . Tasmania. Gobius bynoensis (Rich.) PI. I. f. 1,2 Western Australia. Gobius criniger (C. et V.) Pi. I. f. 3, 4 North-west Australia. Gobius lentiginosus (Rich.) PL I. f. 5, 6 New Zealand. Gobius interstinclus (Rich.) PI. V. f. 3 — fi North-west Australia. Eleotris gobioides (C. et V.) PI. II. f. .5, 6 New Zealand. Eleotris mogurnda (Rich.) PI. II. f. 1, 2 North Australia. Notothenia, genus Notothenia corriiceps (Rich.) PI. III. f. 1, 2 Kerguelen's Laud. Auckland Islands. Notothenia cyanobraucha (Rich.) PI. IV. f. 1, 2 Kerguelen's Land. Notothenia purpuriceps (Rich.) PI. II. f. 3, 4 Kerguelen's Land. Notothenia cornucola (Rich.) PI. VIII. f. 4, 5, and PL XI. f. 3, 4 . Cape Horn, Falklands. Notothenia phoca; (Rich.) Victoria Land. Notothenia magellanica (Forster, Gadm) . Tierra del Fuego. Notothenia virgata (Rich.) PL XI. f. 5, 6 . Falklands. Notothenia marginata (Rich.) PL XII. f. I, 2 * Falklands. Notothenia sima (Rich.) PL XI. f. 1, 2 Falklands. Notothenia tessellata (Rich.) PL XII. f. 3, 4 * Falklands. Notothenia rossii (Rich.) PL V. f. 1, 2 Unknown. Hemerocaetes acantliorhynchus (Forster), PL LIV f. 7—12 .... New Zealand. * These numbers are quoted incorrectly in pp. 18 and IS). Page 1 •2 3 3 4 4 5 5 8, 18 8 9 18 18 19 19 9 123 METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. Pataecus, geuus . . . . .20 Patcecus fvonto (Rich.) PI. XIII. f, 1, 2 . . 20 South Austialia. Ch^nichthys, genus (misspelt Chcsnicthys) . 12 ClifBiiichthys ihinoceratus (Rich.) PI VI. f. 1 — 3 . 13 Blenniid.e ? Gadopsis marmoratus (Rich.) PI. LIX. f. 6—11 . 122 Rivers, South Australia. This fish probably ought to be referred to the Hccmulonidm. Batrachid^. Batrachus dieniensis (Lesueur), PI. VIII. f. 1, 2 . 17 North-west Australia. Batrachus dubius (White), PI. X. f. 1, 2 . . 16 South Australia. Sydney. Callionymid.f,. Callionymus calauroporaus (Rich.) PI. VII. f. 4, 5 10 Western Australia. Harpagifer, genus . . .11 Harpagifer bispinis (Forster, Callionytntis), PI. VII. f. 1—3, PI. XII. f. 8, 9 . ■ 11,19 Falklands. Cape Horn. Harpagifer palliolatus (Rich.) PI. XII. f. 5—7 20 Falklands. Uranoscopid^. Uranoscopus maculatus (Forster), PI. XXXIII. f. 1—3 54 New Zealand. Australia. Otaheite ? Uranoscopus macropygus (Rich.) PI. XXXIII. f. 4,6 55 Port Jackson. Bovichthys variegatus (Rich.) PI. XXXIV. f. 1 — 4 56 Sydney. Triglid.e. Sebastes percoides (Solander, Scornama), PI. XV. f. 1, 2 23 Ta.sraania. Sydney. Sebastes pandus (Rich.) PI. XLI. f. 3, 4 . 70 Weslem Australia. Scorpajna militaris (Rich.) PI. XIV. f. 1, 2 . 22 Tasmania. New Zealand. Scorpaena bynocnsis (Rich.) PI. XIV. f. .3—5 . 22 North-west Australia. Platycephalus tasmanius (Rich.) PI. XVIII. f. 1, 2 23 Tasmania. Platycephalus cinonasus (Rich.) PI. LI. f. 7—10 114 Botany Bay. Triglaplcuracanthica (Rich.) PI. XVI. f. 1— 4 23 Sydney. .\griopus leucopaecilus, PI. XXXVII. f. 4, 5 60 South Australia. Page Pagetodes, genus incertum, PI. VIII. f. 3 15 Victoria Land. Lat. 77^" S. Xystophorus, genus incertum, PI. XXX. f. 22 52 Percid^. Psammoperca, genus . . . .115 Psammoperca datnioides (Rich.) PI. LVII. f. 1, 2 116 Australia. Centropristes salar (Rich.) PI. XX. f. 4—6 29 New Zealand. Tasmania. Norfolk Island. King George's Sound, Australia. Centropristes georgianus (C. et V.) PI. LIV. f. 3—6 117 S.E. and .S.W. coasts of Australia. ScLEMD^. Eleginus falklandicus (Rich.) PI. XX. f. 1—3 . 30 Falklands. Emmelichthys, geuus (Erythrichthys, Schl.) 47 Eramehchthys nitidus (Rich.) PI. XXIX. f. 7, 8 . 47 West Australia. H.EMULONID.E. Diagramma porosa (Rich.) PI. XVI. f. 5, 6 26 Australia. Glaucosoma, genus . .27 Glaucosoma hebraicum (Rich.) PI. XVII. 27 Houtman's Abrolhos. Australia. Grystes macquariensis (Cuv.) PI. LIII. f. 8, 9 118 Australian rivers. Gadopsis marmoratus (Rich.) PI. LIX. f. 6—11 . 122 Rivers in South Australia. (Vide Blenniida.) SERRANID.E. Plectropoma dentex (C. et V.) PI. LVII. f. 3, 5 . 117 King George's Sound. Theraponid.e. Datnia caudavittata (Rich.) PI. XVIII. f. 3—5 . 24 Harvey River, Australia. Datnia elliptica (Rich.) PI. LII. f. 4—8 . .118 Rivers, Australia. Datnia ambigua (Rich.) PI. XIX. . 25 Western Australia. Cihrhitid^. Latris ciliaris (Forster, Scicena), PI. XXVI. f. 6, 7 37 Sydney. Spaeid^. Lethrinus chrysostomus (Rich.) PI. LX. f. 6, 7 . 118 Norfolk Island. Crenidens tephraops (Rich.) PI. XLI. f. 1, 2 69 West Australia. Crenidens triglyphus (Rich.) PI. XXV. f. 2 . 36 Sydney. Crenidens zebra (Rich.) . . .70 West Australia. METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. Crenidens simplex (Rich.) Port Jackson. Ch^todontid.«;. Histiopterus recurvirostiis (Rich.) PI. XXII. f. 5,6 34 Tasmania. Psettus argenteus ( Lin. Chatodon), PI. XXXV. f. 1—3 ...... 57 Australia. China. Scatophagus multifasciatus (Rich.) PI. XXXV. f. 4—6 . . . .57 Western Australia. Scorpis aequipinnis (Rich.) . . . 121 King George's Sound. Scorpis georgianus (Cuv.) . . . 121 King George's Sound. FlSTDLARID^. Centiiscus humerosus (Rich.) PI. XXXIV. f. 5, 6 56 South Australia. Mdgilid.e. Dajaus diemensis (Rich.) PI. XXVI. f. 1—4 . 37 Tasmania. Western Australia. Dajaus forsteri (C. et V. Mugil), PI. XLIV. f. 20 —26 . . . . .77 New Zealand. Atherina nigricans (Rich.) PI. XLII. f. 13—18 . 77 Falklands. Gadid^. Lota breviuscula (Rich.) PI. XXXVIII. f. 1, 2 . 61 New Zealaud. Ophidid.e. Machffirium subducens (Rich.) PI. XLIV. f. 1—6. 72 Western and Northern Australia. Oxybeles, genus . . . .73 Osybeles homei (Rich.) PI. XLIV. f. 7—18 74 Australia. Tinia. Phucocoetes (Jenyns, Ichth. Voy. of Beagle, p. 168), PI. XLIX. f. 7—11 . . . viii Falkland Islands. Iluocoetes (Jenyns, Ichth. Voy. of Beagle, p. 165), PI. XLIX. f. 12—16 .... viii Falkland Islands. Labrid^. Labrus (vel Tautoga) tetricus (Rich.) PI. LV. f. 1—4 126 Tasmania. Labrus fucicola (Rich.) PI. LIV. f. 1, 2 . . 127 Tasmania. Labrus celidotus (Forster), PI. XXXI. f. 1— 5 . 53 New Zealand. Australia. China. Labrus botryocosmus (Rich.) PI. XXXI. f. 6—10 53 Australia. Tasmania. Page, Labrus inscriptus (Rich.) PI. LVI, f. 1, 2 . .134 Norfolk Island. Labrus luculentus (Rich.) . . .130 Eastern and Western coasts of Australia. Norfolk Island. Labrus psittaculus (Rich.) PI. LVI. f. 7—10 . 129 Tasmania. Labrus laticlavius (Rich.) PI. LVI. f. 3—6 . 128 Tasmania. South Australia. Tautoga melaptera (Bl. Labrus) : . .130 Java. Torres Straits. North Australia. Kielmick . . . . .129 King George's Sound. Miname ..... 129 King George's Sound. Cossyphus (vel Lachnolairaus) gouldii (Rich.) . 132 Western Australia. Lachnolaimus (vel Cossyphus) cyanodus (Rich.) PI. LV. f. .5—7 .... 131 North Australia. Scarus acroptilus (Rich.) . . .69 North Australia. Odax lineatus (Quoy et Gaimard, Malacanthm), PI, LX. f. ]— 5 . . .137 King George's Sound. Toobitovit . . . . .134 King George's Sound. Chatoessus come (Russell), PI. XXXVIII. f. 7—10 Western Australia. Indian Ocean. GoNORHYNCHiD^. Valenc. Hist, des Poiss. xix. p. 171 Gonorhynchus (Gronovius, Rhync/tana,Rich.) greyi, PI. XXIX. f. 1—6 .... New Zealand. Western Australia. Lutodeira (Rijppell, Chanos, Lacepede) salmonea (Forster, Mugil), PI. XXXVl. f. 1,2. Northern and western coasts of Australia. Torres Straits. Tanna. Elopid^. Valenc. Hist, des Poiss. xix. p. 358. Elops saurus, Lin. {Argentina macknata, Forskal), PI. XXXVL f. 3— 5 . Cosmopolite. Vide Valenc. Hist, des Poiss. xix. p. 374. Galaxid.e. Galaxias truttaceus (Cuv.) PI. XLII. f. 1—6 Tasmania. Galaxias alepidotus (Forster, Esox) Dusky Bay, New Zealand. Galaxias scriba (Valenc.) Tasmania. Eastern Australia. Galaxias fasciatus (Gray) New Zealand. Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, Mesites), PI. XLIII f. 14—17 . . Falklands. Patagonia. METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. Galaxias reticulatus (Rich.) PI. XLII. f. 7—12 Auckland Islands. Galaxias brocchus (Rich.) PI. XLIII. f. 8—13 Auckland Islands. Argentina retropinna (Rich.) PI. LII. f. 1 — 3 New Zealand. SCOPELID^. Saurus undosquamis (Rich.) PI. LI. f. 1 — 6 Noith Australia. Myctophum boops (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 6—12 . New Zealand and Australia. Myctophum coruscans (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 1—5 South Atlantic and Australian Seas. Myctophum hians (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 19—21 . Hab. ? Myctophum asperum (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 13—15 Hab. ? Lampanyctus (vel Myctophum) resplendens (Rich.) PI. XXVII. f. 16—18 .... Hab. ? Macrourid^. Macrouvus ( vel Lepidorhynchus ) denticulatus (Rich.) PI. XXXII. f. 1— 3 South Australia. SiLURID.E. Bagrus venaticus (Rich.) . North-west Australia. Bagrus vertagus (Rich.) North-west Australia. Plotosus megastomus (Rich.) PI. XXI. f. 1 — 3 Sidney. Plotosus microceps (Rich.) Ph XXI. f. 4 — 7 North-west Australia. MUR.ENID^. Anguilla australis (Rich.) PI. XLV. f. 1—5 Tasmania. New Zealand. Auckland Islands. Anguilla dieffenbachii (Gray) New Zealand. Anguilla aucklandi (Rich.) PI. XLV. 1. 7-13 Auckland Islands. Anguilla labrosa (Rich.) . Polynesia. Congrus (vel Conger) genus Congrus vulgaris (Auct. Bl. 105) . European Seas. Congrus leucophaeus (Rich.) Bahamas. Congrus myrus (Risso .?) . Mediterranean. Congrus lepturus (Rich. Voy. Sulph. p. 106, PI. 56, f.1,6) . Chinese Seas. 137 39 40 41 41 33 33 31 31 112 113 113 113 107 107 108 108 Page Congrus habenatus (Rich.) PI. L. f. 1—5 . .109 New Zealand. Congrus [Murcenesox, McClelland) tricuspidatus (Rich. Voy. Sulph. p. 105, PI. 51, f. 2) . . 110 Indian and Chinese Seas. Congrus protervus (Rich.) . . .110 Hab. Unknown. Congrus angustidens (Rich.) . .110 China. Congrus hamo (Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, PI. 114, f. 2) . . . . . .111 Philippines. Japan. Congrus brevicuspis (Rich.) . . .111 Hab. Unknown. Congrus curvidens (Rich.) . . .111 Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus, genus . . . . .97 Ophisurus cancrivorus (Rich.) PI. L. f. 6 — 9 . 97 North Australia. Ophisurus sinensis (Rich.) . . .98 China. Ophisurus semicinctus (Rich.) .99 Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus boro (Buch.-Hamilt. Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. PI. 95, f. 1 ) . . . .99 India. Ophisurus breviceps (Rich.) . .99 Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus pardalis (Valenc. Webb et Berth. Ca- naries, PI. 16, f. 2) . . . 100 Canaries. Ojohisurus fasciatus (Thunberg, Murtena, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. du Frey. PI. 45, f. 2) . . 100 Malay Archipelago. Indian Ocean. Ophisurus colubrinus (Boddaert, Thunb. t. 1 f. 1) 100 India. Malay Archipelago. Moluccas. Polynesia. Ophisurus pallens (Rich.) . .101 China. Ophisurus haraucha (Buch.-Hamilt. .') . . 101 China. Ophisurus hijala (Buch.-Hamilt. PL 5, f. 5) . 102 India. Ophisurus maculosus (Cuvier, Lacep. 11, PI. 6, f. 2) 102 Madagascar. Ophisurus intertinctus (Rich.) . . . 102 West Indies. Ophisurus spadiceus (Rich.) . . . 103 China. Ophisurus versicolor (Rich.) . . .103 Moluccas. Ophisurus .sugillatus (Rich.) . . 103 Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus ocellatus (Le Sueur, Ac. Phil. v. PI. 4, f. .3) . . . . 104 Gulf of Mexico. . 105 Ophisurus parilis (Rich. West Indies. Ophisurus dicellurus (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 48 f. 2—4) .... Chiua. Ophisurus rostellatus (Rich.) Senegal. Ophisurus compar (Rich.) Sumatra. Ophisurus regius (Shaw, an ophis auct.) Hab. Unknown. Ophisurus serpens (Lin. Murwna) Mediterranean. Atlantic. Ophisurus vimineus (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 52, f. 16—20) China. Muraena, genus Murajna helena (Lin.) PI. XLIX. f. 1- Mediterraneau. English Channel. North Africa Indian Ocean. Australia. Muraena nubila (Rich.) PI. XLVI. f. — 10 Mauritius. Australia. Muraena sagenedota (Rich.) Mauritius. Muraena reticulata (Bl. 416) Indian Ocean. Borneo. Muraena ocellata (Agass. Gymnothorax, Pise. Br, t. L. f. 6-9) . . . . , Gulf of Mexico. Brazils. Muraena punctata (Bl. Schn. Russell, 32) Indian Ocean. Murfena similis (Forster) . Polynesia. Red Sea. Japan. Muraena pratbemon (Quoy et Gaim. Freyc. p. 52 f. 1) Darnley Island, Australia. Muraena tenebrosa (Solander) Polynesia. Murana lita (Rich.) Moluccas. Muraena siderea (Rich.) PI. XLVIU. f. 1—5 Western and Northern Australia. New Guinea. Muraena atomaria (Solander) Society Islands. Muraena erythroptera (Solander) . Society Islands. Muraena isingleena (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI 48, f. 1) China. Muraena bullata (Rich.) Borneo. Mur^na stellifer (Rich.) . Madagascar. Muraena cancellata (Rich.) PI. XLVI. f. 1— 5 Western Australia. Sumatra. Mura;na tessellata (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 55 f. 5-8) .... Hab. Unknown. Muraena colubrina (Commerson) PL XIX. f. 1 New Britain. Amboyna. Polynesia. METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. 105 105 105 106 106 Muraena vittata (Solander) Society Islands. Mura;na moringua (Cuv. Catesby, t. 20) . Bermudas. Gulf of Mexico. Caribbean Sea. Muraena lineo-pinnis (Rich.) Puerto caballo. Mura;na griseo-badia (Rich.) Tonga Islands. Murasna pavonina (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 53, f. 1-6) Southern Seas. Muraena guttata (Solander, Park. 11, f. 1) Madeira. Brazils. Muraena thyrsoidea (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 49, f. 1) China. Muraena sathete (Hamilt.-Buch.) . India. Muraena gracilis (Hardw. Icon. 303) India. Muraena vermiculata (Hardw. Icon. 310) India. vu Page Muraena meleagris (Shaw, Voy de Freyc f.2) . . . . • Southern Ocean. Muraena prasina (Rich.) . Australia. Murasna ophis (Riippell, Atl. 29, f. 2 ?) Mauritius. Red Sea. PI. 52, f. 1—5, Polynesia. PI. 55, f. Muraena variegata (Forster), PI. XLVII. 11—16 .... Indian Ocean. Chinese Sea. Australia. Muraena polyzona (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. 11—14) Hab. Unknown. Muraena catehata (Bl. 415) Bermudas. Caribbean Sea. South America. Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, Nat. Misc. 101) Sumatra. New Britain. Ichlhyophis tigrinus (Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, 12) Oualan. Nettastoma vittata (Rich. Voy. of Sulph. PI. 53, f. 7-9) Hab. Uncertain. Synbranchus gutturalis (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 14—17 Dampier's Archipelago, Australia. Cheilobranchus, genus .... Cheilobranchus dorsalis (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 1—5 North Australia. Cheilobranchus aptenodytum (Rich.) Penguin Island. Lat. 72" S. Leptocephalus altus (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 8—10 . Hab. Unknown. Prymnothonus hookeri (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 6, 7 Hab. ? Balistid^. Mouacanlhiis granulatus (White) PI. XL. f. 1, 2 . Sidney. Monacanthus chinensis (Osbeck, Balistes) PI. XL. f. 3, 4 . Eastern and western coasts of Australia. Malay Ar- chipelago. China. Indian Ocean. Monacanthus rudis (Rich.) PI. XL. f. 7, 8 {scaler, Forsteri .'') Tasmania. Monacanthus vittatus (Solander, Balistes) Western Australia. Monacanthus variabilis (Rich.), Aleuterius errone ously, PI. LIIL f. 1—7 . Western Australia. Aleuterius paragaudatus (Rich.) PI. XXXIX. f. 1—4 ..... Tasmania. Australia. Aleuterius maculosus (Rich.) PI. XXIX. f. 5 — 7 Tasmania. Australia. Aleuterius trossiilus (Rich.) PI. XL. f. 5, 6 Western Australia. Aleuterius ? brownii (Rich) North Australia. Aleuterius ? baueri (Rich.) North Australia. OSTRACIONTID.E. Ostracion boops (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 18—21 Southern Atlantic. Teteaodontid.e. Tetraodon virgatus (Rich.) PI. XXXIX. f. Port Jackson. METHODICAL LIST OF SPECIES. Page Tetraodon hamiltoni (Rich.) PI. XXXIX. f. 10, 11 Australia. Tasmania. New Zealand. Syngnathid^. Syngnathus hymenolomus (Rich.) PI. XXX. f. 11—13 ...... Falklands. SCYLLIID^. Hemiscyllium trispeculare (Rich.) PI. XXVIII. f. 3—7 ...... Western Australia. Hemiscyllium ocellatum, a scale only, PI. XXVIII. f. 8 . Acanthias (MiiUer und Henle), PI XXVIII. f. 1, 2* 44 Australia. Raiid^. Raia lemprieri (Rich.) PI. XXIII. Tasmania. Tbygonid^. Urolophus ephippiatus (Rich.) PI. XXIV. Tasmania. Peteomyzontid^. Petromyzon mordax (Rich.) PI. XXXVIII. f. 3—6 42 Misprinted 5 instead of 1 in p. 44. Through inadvertence the following omissions were made in the text :- Phucoccetes (Jenyns, Ichth. of Voy. of Beagle, p. 168, PI. XXIX. f 3). Our specimen is not in the best order, and we can add nothing to Mr. Jenyn's account of the genus. It is possi- ble that the species differs fi-om his latUans; but not having his specimen at hand for comparison, we have left the matter for future investigation. Hab. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. Iluoccetes (Jenyns, Ichth. of Voy. of Beagle, sp. 165, PI. XXIX. f 2). The above remarks apply also to this fish. Our speci- men has a small barbel on each side of the symphysis of the lower jaw, which is not shown in Mr. Jenyn's figure of I.Jimbriatus, and the dentition seems also to differ, as well as the form of the body ; but in the absence of comparison of specimens, we have preferred leaving the matter unde- termined. Hab. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. FISHES. BY JOHN RICHARDSON, M.D., F.R.S., &c. In no expedition that ever sailed from Europe has more care been taken to collect the zoological productions of the sea, than in the pre-eminently scientific one of the Erebus and Terror. The commanding officer, an accomplished zoologist, had previously paid much attention to Ichthyology, and, under his fostering superintendence, ample col- lections of fish were made at New Zealand, Van Diemen's Land, Australia, Kerguelen's Land, Cape Horn, the Falklands, and wherever an opportunity offered of drawing the seine or trawl, or dropping a hook. The specimens thus obtained filled many casks, and numerous jars and bottles, and it were greatly to be wished that so much industry had met with the full measure of success that it desen'ed ; but we have to regret that, during a voyage protracted for upwards of four years and a half, including every possible change of climate, and during which the ships were buffeted by many severe gales, and sustained innumerable shocks in forcing their way through the ice-packs of the Antarctic Seas, the specimens suffered very severe damage. Owing to the deterioration of the spirits in jars that were crowded with fish, and the long continued action of the brine, where that liquid was employed, very many specimens entirely perished, or merely fragments of skeletons could be rescued from the mass. Yet the present number, which includes only the Gobioid fishes and their allies, is rich in new forms, and will shew the Ichthyologist that enough remains to render the collection as interesting as any that has been made, of late years, in any quarter of the globe. Except what may be gleaned from the notes and drawings of the Forsters, who accompanied Cook on his second voyage, nothing is known of the fish inhabiting the seas beyond the fiftieth parallel of south latitude. Sir James Ross merits the warmest thanks of zoologists for having done so much to supply this want. They are due also to Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker for his able co-operation with his commanding officer, and for the excellent sketches and notes which he has contributed ; as well as to the other officers who lent their aid in forming the collections. Fam. GoBiiD^. venenatus (12, p. 85.) It is not very dissimilar in its GoBius BYNOENSis. Richardson. general form to G. niger. The specific name has been bestowed in honour of Benj. Bynoe, Esq., Surgeon in the Ch. Spec. G. quinque-fasciatus maculatusque, punclis Royal Navy, who, while serving in the Beagle, made coloratis, seriatis utrinque in nucha; pitind dorsi extensive collections of Australian animals and plants, priori nebulosd, secundd lineatd ; pinnis ceteris uni- which he presented to the Museum of Haslar Hospital.* coloribus. The length of the head is contained four times and a Radii:— D. 6|—1|16; A. 1|1.5; C 19; P. 21 ; V. lIlO— 1 half in the total length of the fish, caudal fin included ; united. ' its width is less than half its length, but equal to its height, Plate I., fig. 1 and 2, natural size. » To make the list of Australian species as complete as possible, a few rrii,:_ • „ 1 ■„„ ,;„„ . »v, -ii ^ ■ .i undescribed fish from the western coasts of that country, discovered bv This species havnig canine teeth, will rank m the group ih^ officers of the Beagle surveying ship, have been added to Sir James which IS lieaaeci in the Histoire des Potssons by G. Ross's collection. and the cheeks are but little swelled out. The height of the body and length of the head are equal, and exceed the altitude of the first dorsal. This fin has less of the triangular fonn than is usual in the genus, the five foremost rays differing little in height; the last ray is shorter. The rays of the second dorsal and anal are more than usually numerous. The caudal is widely rounded. The mode- rately large eyes are the length of the orbit apart from each other, the same distance from the edge of the inter- maxillary, and twice as far fi-om the gill-opening. The scales come forward on the top of the head to the orbits, a few clothe the upper border of the gill-cover, but the rest of the head is naked. A row of open pores follows the course of the temporal groove, and three pores exist on the vertical limb of the preojjerculum. A raised mucigenous line runs under the eye, and is connected with another, which forms a small circle on the cheek. The cleft of the mouth scarcely reaches to the fore part of the orbit. It is armed above l3y an outer row of subu- late, slightly curved teeth, to the number of eight or ten on each intermaxillary, and extending about half way to the angle of the mouth. The inner teeth are too small to be easily seen without the assistance of a lens, and stand in a single line, as far as the outer ones extend, but beyond them they are two or three rows deep. On the under jaw the outer row is similar, and of the same extent with the upper ones, but it is terminated on the middle of the jaw on each side by a somewhat larger recurved tooth. The distribution of the interior teeth of this jaw is the reverse of what occurs in the upper one, being in a single row towards the corners of the mouth, and in a double one behind the outer teeth. The strap-shaped tongue is pro- minent and smooth. There is a pretty broad velum to both jaws, and the palate is smooth, with a mesial fold of membrane. The scales are moderately large, there being sixty-five in a longitudinal row between the gill opening and caudal fin. Their exposed disks, iti situ, are exactly rhomboidal, and their borders are finely plaited and ciliated. The gill-opening is entirely lateral, being closed beneath by the broad and directly transverse attachment of the mem- brane to the isthmus. The original colours cannot be ascertained from the specimens, which have been long macerated in spirits. The body is marked by dark patches, which appear to have formed about five vertical bands between the gill-opening and caudal. There are blotches high on the back between the bands, a round dark spot at the base of the middle caudal rays, and some dark specks on the snout and other parts of the head ; a row of coloured spots runs on each side of the hind head, from the eye to the dorsal. The first dorsal is marked in a clouded manner, with alter- nate waving dark and light bands ; a dark streak traverses the bottom of the second dorsal, and the rest of the fin is occupied by five lines alternately lighter and darker. The extreme edge of the fin is blackish ; the anal has likewise a blackish edge, but is without other markings, as are also the pectorals, ventrals, and caudal. Length of the speci- men, S^ inches. Hab. Coasts of Western Australia. GoBius CRiNiGER. Cuv. et Valenc, 12, p. 8-2. Ch. Spec. G. capite michdque esquamosis ; corpore maculoso ; pinnis dor.ti caudcBque seriatim guttatis ; genis, operculis nuchdque liiieis mucigenis percursis ; pons apertis in preoperculo : deiite caniiio parvo in latere utroque maxillce inferioris ; dentibus interioribus mandibulorum brecissimis, scobiformibus, stipatis. Radii:— Br. 4 ? D. 6| — 1|9 ; A. 1]9 ; C. 25; P. 15; V. 1|10— 1 united. Plate I., figs. 3 and 4, natural size. This goby agrees so well with the description of the G. criniger in the Histoire des Poissons, that I have referred it to that species, though I have seen neither authenticated examples nor figures to confirm this deter- mination. The specimen described by M. Valenciennes was obtained at Java by MM. Qiioy and Gaimard, and had a tall filiform tip to the second ray of the first dorsal. M. Valenciennes considers this to be peculiar to the male, and refers to the same species an Indian goby which wants this prolongation. It is also wanting in our example, which was taken on the north-west coast of Australia. The head makes a fourth of the total length, caudal included, and its width at the gills, which exceeds half its length, nearly equals its height. The eyes, large and approximated, interfere with the profile. There are three orifices in the nasal region, the lower of which has a very short tubular lip. The head is entirely scaleless, the nakedness extending backwards on the nape to the first dorsal, but there are some small remote scales deeply im- bedded in the skin of the supra-scapular regions. A raised muciferous line, which forks twice, traverses the cheek; two similar lines cross the gill- cover, the lower one being forked ; and there are also some faint ones on the nape. The mouth is cleft to opposite the fore part of the eye, and descends obliquely. The teeth are in fine, close, even, brush-like plates on the jaws. An exterior row of more widely set, slightly taller and curved teeth, reaches to the middle of each jaw, and is terminated in the lower jaw by a recurved canine of small size. The gill-opening is vertical, being closed on the under surface of the head. Only four rays sustain its membrane. If there be a fifth one, it is imbedded in the part attached to the isthmus, and cannot be detected without dissection. The last rays of the second dorsal and anal are, as u.sual, divided to the base. The basal streaks of the scales cross the exposed disk, and converge to a point in the middle of the posterior edge, which is strongly toothed. The dark markings are well described in the Histoire des Poissons, but the spots on the caudal fin are not noticed. In our specimen there are four rows of round spots, similar to those on the second dorsal ; and the interstices appear to have been yellow. The whole ventrals retain the latter tint, and some streaks of it remain on the dorsal and belly. The length of the specimen, 3^ inches. Hab. The North-west coast of Australia. 3 GoBius LENTiGiNosus. Ricliardson. Ch. Spec. G. gracilis, capite tiimidulo, goiis conve.vi.s pit rpu rein, pii)iclii/(if/s,(orpui(' vinrmorato punctatoqne ; pinnis dorsi cniidwqiie .scriiilim giittatis, pectoralibus basi punctiilatis : dentibus villonis. Radii:— D. (i|— 1|10; A. 1|9; C. 22; P. 20; V. 1|10— 1 united. Plate I., figs. 5 and 6, natural size. This small species has some resemblance to the last in the colours of the body, but it is a more slender fish, and the nape is clothed forward to the eyes with scales, nearly as large as those of the body, which are of moderate size. There are no scales on the gill-covers, or rest of the head. The basal grooves are few and parallel, the free edge of the scale toothed. The length of the head is twice its height, and forms one-fourth of the total length of the fish, caudal included. The under jaw is a little more prominent than the upper one. The jaw teeth are disposed in broad, very close, villiform plates, with an outer row of stouter and more widely set teeth, but scarcely taller. There are no distinct canines in the middle of the lower jaw, or elsewhere, and none of the teeth can be clearly seen without the aid of a lens. The gill cover is convex. Three mucigenous lines diverge from the upper lip, a little above the angle of the mouth, one to run immediately beneath the eye, another to cross the middle of the cheek, and a third to traverse the lower part of the cheek. A fourth line runs from the chin along the limb of the lower jaw and the interoperculum, and ascends the vertical limb of the preoperculum. A similar line skirts the tem- poral groove, and two diverge at a right angle on the gill- cover. Open pores exist on the upper border of the orbit and vertical limb of the preoperculum. The general colours of the specimens in spirits are honey-yellow, marbled and spotted with umber and blackish brown, and minute white specks exist in longitudinal rows along the lower part of the sides. A dark mark is jilaced on the tail, close to the base of the caudal fin, and there are many dark dots on the snout. The cheeks have a bright purplish hue, with numerous whitish specks. The basal halves of the jjectorals are also studded with white specks. There are four rows of dark dots in the first dorsal, and six rows on the second dorsal and caudal. The anal is dark on the border, but unspotted, and there are no marks on the ventrals. Length of the specimen, \^ inch. Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. GoBios INTEKSTINCTUS. Richardson. Ch. Spec. G. .iiibcy//iidi-iciix,roslrogibbo,ociilisconi/gins; squamix iiiajiixcKlis ; hiteribiifi in/id ordinihus duobus rectanguloriim riigrorum supraqiie lineoli.s nigris phiri- mis percursis, cum punciis albescentibus ordinatis interjacentibus ; pinnis omnibus prater ventrales albo nigroque alterne liiieatis. Radii:— D. 6|— 1|10; A. 1|8; C. 19; P. 16 ; V. 1|10-1 united. Plate v., figs. 3, 4 and 5, natural size ; 6 magnified. This goby has much resemblance in general form to the preceding one, and, like it, belongs to the division which is characterised by the negative characters of the want of canine teeth, the absence of free simple rays in the pec- torals, or of any other remarkable peculiarity in the fins. The snout is very short and gibbous, the eyes rather large, and nearly touching above, and the cheeks are not swollen. The teeth are in villiform bauds, tapering off nearly to a single series towards the corners of the mouth, but having considerable breadth at the symphysis, from the addition, as it were, of several rows exterior to the general line of the dental surface. The exterior ones are a very little stouter than the rest, and all are slightly incurved, but there are no canines. The eyes are very prominent, and the short snout is suddenly rounded off. The preorbitar lip is rather full, but it is even, and in no wise lobed or notched, as in Perioplit/ialmus,\\\nch this fish much resem- bles in the face. The scales of the cranium terminate by a rounded outline, which just touches the orbits. The snout, the whole of the cheeks, gill-plates and membranes are scaleless. Bright yellow muciferous lines branch on the cheek, and traverse the temporal furrow. There are open pores on the disk of the preoperculum, in the tem- poral furrow, on the nape, and other parts of the head. The lengths of the head and caudal fin are about equal, and each forms one-fifth of the length of the whole fish. The pectoral is semi-elliptical, or more rounded when very fully extended. Its membrane is very delicate, and readily disappears ; but in our most perfect specimens, only the tips of the upper rays are free. The uppermost ray alone is simple. The first and second rays of the first dorsal are longer than the rest. The last ray of tlie second dorsal and of the anal is divided to the base. The caudal is rounded. The scales of the body are rather large, and very regu- larly placed. Each is five sided: having the lateral sides straight and parallel, the base undulated, so as to produce a central rounded lobe, and the two free or posterior sides meeting in an acute angle, with the apex more or less blunt. These free sides are strongly and regularly toothed. About twelve fine fan-like lines run from near the posterior tip lo the basal lobe. There are twenty-six scales in a row between the gill-opening and the caudal fin. The general colour of the specimens in spirits is honey- yellow. The sides are marked by brownish black inter- rupted lines, which in the upper parts are slender and approximated. The lowest two, being on a level with the lower half of the pectorals, are composed of a series of seven or eight oblong, rectangular spots. The fine upper lines are most numerous at the shoulders of the fish, pos- teriorly they are reduced to about four; between them there is an equal number of rows of very minute white specks. On the caudal and pectorals there are five or six dark transverse lines, alternating with an equal number of white ones. On the dorsals and the anal there are also alternate black and fine white lines, slightly oblique, and inteiTupted by the rays. The mucigenous fines on the cheeks are bright yellow, the rest of the head looks jiur- plish, but the colour appears to be nearly faded away in our specimens. The specimen which is figured had the following B 2 DIMENSIONS. Length from tip of snout to end of caudal fin 3"25 inches. „ „ anus 1-30 „ „ „ gill-opening 0-70 „ Height of body 0-60 „ Thickness of ditto 045 „ Length of pectoral fin 0-55 „ „ caudal fin 070 „ Hab. North-west coast of Australia. Eleoteis gobioides. Cuv. et Valenc. Eleotris gobioides. Hist, des Poiss. 12, p. 247. Radii:— B. 6; D. 6| — 1|11; A. l\\0; C. 22 ; P. 20; V. 1|5.* Plate II., figs. 5, 6, natural size. Many specimens of this fish were procured by the expedition in the salt water of the Bay of Islands, and in a fresh water lake a short way in the interior. They vary considerably in the distinctness of the markings, and the pale vertical line on base of the pectoral fin is in some scarcely to be perceived. The dark blotches on each side of the line always exist. The operculum and suboperculum are scaly ; the ante- rior corner only of the latter bone, and the interoperculum, being naked. The cheek appears to be naked, but scales may be detected by scraping off the smooth integument. On the top of the head the scales come forward to oppo- site the posterior third of the orbits, and are scarcely sensibly less than those of the body ; their bounding line sweeps round to behind the eye, and there is a cluster of small scales on the temple at the upper end of the preoperculum. Two open pores exist on the disk of this bone, and there are many fine mucigenous lines on the head, viz., one running longitudinally along the interior border of each nasal region, another beneath the eye, a double one along the temporal fuirow, one branching on the cheek, one tracing the lower edge of the interoper- culum, and continuing up the furrow which marks the edge of the preoperculum to the temple, and, lastly, one crossing the operculum obliquely. dimensions. Length from upper lip to tip of caudal fin 5'80 inches. „ „ anus 2-90 „ „ „ gill-opening 1-65 „ Length of caudal 1-05 „ Height of body MO „ Thickness of body 0!W „ „ head at gill plates 1-00 „ The largest example measures above seven inches in length. Hab. Bay of Islands, and adjoining fresh-water lakes of New Zealand. * The last two rays of the dorsal and anal are separate at the base and aie counted here separately, not as branches of one ray, as in the Hist, des Poiss. Eleotris mogurnda. Richardson. Ch. Spec. El. rostro, genlsque sqtiamosis ; fasciis tribus obliquis nigrescentibus in operculis, maculis obscuris in medio latere; pinnis dorsi, ani et caud.au^o-l>). In the fullness and roundness of the posterior part of the body and tail, this species differs from most of the genus. The sides swell out, so as to place the anal and second dorsal in a deep furrow, and to give the fish the appear- ance of a full bean-pod, or banana. The shoulders, as usual, are broader and flatlish, the flatness reaching to the orbits. Before the eyes, the profile descends obliquely. The mouth is small, and the jaws incline downwards when protracted. The eyes are not above a line apart, and are about one diameter of the orbit from the tip of the snout, and rather more from the gill-opening. The head makes rather more than a third of the length of the fish, caudal excluded. The lateral line crosses the nape to join its fellow, curves over the end of the pectoral, and runs rather above the middle of the side to the caudal fin, on the base of which it forks. It is formed by a continuous narrow crenulated ridge. The teeth are short, villiform, the dental surface being widest at the symphyses, reducetl to a single row on the limbs of the jaws, and not extending to the angle of the mouth. The preopercular spine is long and curved, with its very acute tip curved upwards, and a stronger tooth above, near the tip, directed upwards and forwards. The body appears to have been entirely of a rich bronze colour, smooth and shining, with, perhaps, some darker blotches above. The second dorsal is still clouded by a few dark blotches. The membrane of the first is blackish above, the ventrals are freckled, and there are some whitish specks on the caudal. No note was made of the colours of the fish, when recent. 11 DIMENSIONS. LeiigtL from end of snout to tip of caudal S^S inches. „ „ base of ditto 425 „ „ of head to edge of operculum 1'50 „ I, „ gill-opening 1'20 „ firet dorsal 1-25 „ Long diaractov of orbit 0-40 „ Breadth of head at gill-cover 0!)0 „ Height of body at nape 0-55 „ Height at middle of second dorsal 055 „ Breadth of body there 075 „ Geuus Haupagifer. Richardson. Ch. Gen. Caput horizonlale, supra planum, triangu- lare. Corpus in caudam maxime compressam scnsim e hiimero attenuatiim. Squamas iiiilla. Linea lateralis antlce trans niicham cvm pari suo conjugata ram ill urn que ad orlilam utramque emUtens in summo dorso cursutn tenens et ad medium basis pinna- dorsi secundce dcsinens. Os parvinn ierminale. Dentes mandibularum minuii, subulati, suljincurii,stipati. Palatum lingitaque laves. Oculi viodici, laterales. Ossa siiborbitalia. Preoperculum inerme, ellipticum. Interopevculum gracile, spatula- forme, preupervnlo occidtum. Operculum spinani ha- mifcram sursiim extrudens. Suboperculum spinam rectam aque insignem eviHiens. Apertura branchiarum satis magna nee tamen sub guld extensa. Membrana branchiostega radiis sex sustentata. Pinnae dorsalis ducB, quarum prior radiis paucis Jiexi- bilibus sustentata. Pinnae ventrales Eleotridum. Vesica pneumatica nulla. Caeca pylorica tria. Obs. Genus inter CalUonymum et Platypterum collo- candum. Harpagifer bispinis. Richardson. Species unica adhuc cognita. Radii:— B. 6; D. 81—24; A. 17; C. 11|; P. ; \.\\b. Batrachus bispinis. Bl. Schn. 45. Callionyvius bispinis. I. R. Forster. M.S. IV. 45. Plate VII., figs. 1, 2, 3, natural size. This small fish abounds among the kelp, on the shores of Cape Horn. Many specimens were taken, but they are all injured by deterioration of the spirit into which they were put, so that the true distribution of the dark bars or spots cannot be determined, and some uncertainty exists with respect to the exact shape of the first dorsal, though there is none as to the number of the rays. It seems to be, unquestionablj', the fish described by Forster, in the notes quoted above. The description, the size of the spe- cimens, and the locality, correspond. Forster notes the colour of his specimens as being blackish-brown above, with an intermixture of orange-red on the head ; the second dorsal, pectorals and caudal, as being varied with orange-red and brown, and the under surface of the body as pale orange, the anal having a deeper tint of the same. He enumerates also a ray less in the second dorsal, and one more in the anal, than the individual we liave described below possesses, but a similar variation exists in Sir James Ross's specimens. The course of the lateral line corre- sponds with Forster's account of it ; but the line of jjores on the middle of the sides could be traced only at the base of the caudal fin, owing, most probably, to the skin being softened and worn. The height and breadth of the fi.sh is greatest at the gills, the head being a short pyramid, and the body a greatly elongated one, with the plane connecting the tips of the opercular and subopercular spines for a common base. The top of the head behind the eyes is flat, and slightly concave, without ridges. The eyes are placed high up, and the snout anterior to them is short and trian- gular. The length of the head is contained 3j times in the whole length of the fish, and its breadth at the hind head, when the gill-covers are open, is equal to its length. Before the eyes the profile descends obliquely to the tip of the snout. The under surface of the head and breast is flat, and the ventral line ascends slightly from the ven- trals to the tail, in correspondence with the inclination of the back. The height of the tail, at the base of the caudal fin, is equal to a third of the height of the nape. The eye is 1 diameter of the orbit from the tip of the snout, and 1^ from the gill-opeuing, Sg^ diameters being equal to the length of the head. The mouth is small, horizontal, and terminal, the lower jaw being just perceptibly longer than the upper one. The jaws are very little protractile. The very short teeth are subulate, slightly curved, and crowded into a small tuft at the symphyses above and below, but reduced almost to a single row on the limbs of the jaws. There is a nar- row velum behind them on both jaws. The tongue and roof of the mouth are smooth. The maxillary increases gradually in breadth to its lower end, which is truncated, and moves over the limb of the lower jaw. A very short part only of its slender upper end glides under the edge of the preorbitar. Preorbitar narrow, not toothed, but having a cavernous or cellular structure, which is concealed by the integument. The rest of the suborbitar chain is reduced to a row of little eminences, with porous mouths, closely skirting the eye beneath and behind, and leaving a large, fleshy, convex cheek. The preoperculum has an obtuse semi-elliptical curve, with a rather narrow disk, equally wide throughout, and without any projection at the curve. In drying, the integument permits cavities on the disk to appear. The interoperculum is slender and cylindiical, and is concealed under the edge of the preoperculum. The end which joins the suboperculum is dilated, so as to give the form of a spatula to the entire bone. The operculum ends in a strong spine, which stands upwards, and a little outwards, and gives off' from its inner side, near its tip, a hooked antler- like branchlet. The suboperculum ends in a straight hori- zontal spine, having a slight notch at its tip. When the gill-plates are raised, the spines project laterally, and a narrow border of membrane runs between them, to the extreme edge of which the branchiostegous membrane is united at an acute angle, and several of the rays show between the opercular and subopercular spines. The sub- operculum also sends off vertically a filiform, flexible, c 2 12 cartilaginous ray, which lies in the branchiostegous mem- brane, above the uppermost ray, and parallel to it, and might be easily mistaken for a seventh ray. There is a deep notch on the upper edge of the operculum, above the spine, which is filled by membrane. The gill-opening is pretty large, but mostly vertical. The branchiostegous rays are cylindrical and slender, and the membrane, when extended, bulges, from the greater narrowness of its edge. There are no scales ; the skin being smooth, and appa- rently destitute of skinny processes. The lateral line com- mences at the orbit, unites with its fellow by a transverse line on the nape, then runs to the upper angle of the gill- opening, and from thence crosses the shoulder to the base of the second dorsal, at the middle of which it terminates. At first it is traced by a series of contiguous tubes, with open mouths, but before it terminates by three or four pores only, without the tubes. Two or three pits may be seen, with difficulty, at the base of the caudal, on the level of its middle rays, as if the line had recommenced there. The pectoral and caudal fins are rounded in outline. The first dorsal is somewhat triangular, and is supported by three flexible, filiform, jointless rays. All the rays of the second dorsal (twenty-four) are jointed, and the last one is divided to the base. The anal contains seventeen rays, the last being divided, and all of them jointed. The ventrals, in position and form, resemble those of an Eleo- tris. They are a little in advance of the pectorals. The spine is short, and has a flexible tip. The original colours have perished, but the specimens still show oblique dark bands on the body and second dorsal, and three or four narrow transverse bands on the pectorals and caudal. The skeleton shows a very short occipital spine, which does not rise above the hind head, and is not visible in the recent fish. The vertebrae are thirty-five, of which eleven are abdominal and twenty-four caudal. The peritoneum is silvery, with minute dark brown specks. The liver, broad, thin, and rounded, lies on the ventral surface of the upper part of the stomach, embracing the oesophagus, and having a fissure on the left side, to half its depth, sepa- rating a small obtuse tongue-shaped lobe. Stomach nearly globular, with a very short pyloric branch on the right side. The intestine makes a short convolution on the right side of the stomach, not descending to the fundus of that viscus, and then runs straight to the anus. Three short conical ca;ca surround the pylorus. There is no air- bladder. The stomach filled more than half the belly, and contained Cruntacea. A parasitic worm was half buried in the liver. DIMENSIONS. Length from tip of snout to end of caudal fin 2-.35 inches. „ „ upper angle of gill-opening 0-6.1 „ „ ., point of opercular spine ... 075 „ Breadth between tips of opercular spines 0-78 „ ,1 „ subopercular ditto 085 „ Height of nape 040 Length of caudal 040 „ Diameier of eye 0-18 ^^ Cu^NiCTHYs. Richardson. Channicthys, Richardson. Ann. Nat. Hist., June, 1844. Caput magnum, cranio scabro, subtetragono, facie hori- zontali ante oculos longd, lateraliterque per parietes oris membranaceos dilatabiles auctd. Faux laxissima, horizontalis, terminalis ; rictu superne ab ossibus interniaxillaribiis (satis mobilibus nee tamen propter pedicelLorum eximiam brevitatem protract ilibus) facto. Os maxillare gracile, paulo in f curvatmn, un- guium tantum oris attingens, nee sub aciem ossis preor- bitalis reddens. Dentes in ambitii oris breves, curvati, slipati. Vomer et palatum edentati. Ossa pharyngis denticulata. Oculi largiusculi, laterales. Narium apertura anteriores ante articulos ossium maxil- lariiim posita; a posterioribus remotce. Os preorbitale oblique flabelliforme, rostro brevius : ossa suborbitalia sequentia minima, scabriuscula, orbitam subter cingentia. Gena magna, nuda, inermis, nee mode Triglorum osse suborbitaU secundo percursa. Ossa operculi parva, una cunt tncinhrand rDinicetcnIi cir- cumeuntique operculum modicuui triaugulare confi- cientia. Os operculare propriuin, tri/nirlilum : pars postica ad marginem sublibera et in apicibus quinque subspinosis divisa. Apertura branchialis amplissima intra ramos maxiUce in- ferioris procedens. Membrana branchiostega lata, radiis sex gracilibus teretiusculis sustentata. Areas branchiarum quatuor, liberi, et lamina una operculo adnata. Corpus teres, modo Triglorum in caudam gracilem sensim attenuatum, ventre tumidiusculo. Squamae vera; nullcB. Cutis Iwvis. Linea lateralis post Jinem pinnce dorsi secundce diffracta denuoque ad basin pinncB caudcB desinens, per totum cursum suuni scutellis scabris armata. Scutelli rotundi pauci in medio latere spars i. Pinnae ventrales ante pectorales positcB. Pinnte ventrales jrinnas Triglae simulantes. Dorsales duis. Vide Y>. 11. Ch. spec. H. corpore auraviiaco, fasciis irihus fuscis ciiicio ; capite Jusco. Radii :— B. 6; D. 4|— 22vel 24 ; A. 17; C. 114; P. 17; V. l;5. Plate Vll., figs. 1, 2, 3. Plate XII., fig. 8, natural .size, fig. 9, magnified. The specimens from which the geneiic characters and the detailed description of the species were given in the preceding fasciculus, as referred to above, had been much injured by immersion in brine, and the patterns of colour had nearly perished. Through Mr. Gray's kindness, I have had an opportunity of examining specimens well preserved in spirits, and of making some additions to the account of the species. The first dorsal in reality contains four spines, the last spine being, in some examples, much more conspicuous than in others. By a re-examination of Sir James Ross's specimens, I detected the fourth spine concealed under the integuments. 1 he last ray of the dorsal and anal is bound down to the tail by membrane, which extends nearly to the base of the caudal. A row of pores runs along each limb of the lower jaw, and round the edge of the preoperculum to the temples. Another crosses the end ol' the snout, follows the edge of the preorbitar, completely encircles the eye, then continues along the union of the gill-cover with the skull, and, crossing the nape, unites with its fellow. All these pores have elevated tubular d2 20 mouths forming short cirrhi. The structure of the pores on the lateral line is the same. A row of minute and dis- tant pores, without tubular lips, can be traced from behind the pectoral, along the line of origin of the muscles in the middle of the sides, to the caudal fin. The skin on the iip])er edge of the orbit is tumid, and a small crest, com- posed of united tubes, with open mouths, rises from its middle. This crest is not uniform, having a more pahuated shape in some individuals, while in others the little tubu- lar branchlets stand out on every side. Some variation in size and form is, perhaps, owing to the season at which the specimens were taken, the examples procured by Sir James Ross having but a vestige of the crest, even when the skin is perfect in that part ; but it is to be observed, that many of them have the integuments broken there, as if the tubular projections, having been very tender, had worn off more readily than the rest of the integument. The top of the head and shoulders is studded with little round soft grains, and filamentous points, not very visible without the aid of a lens; and a few similar grains exist on the integuments investing the dorsal rays. All these seem to be the tumid lips of minute pores. The body ap])ears to have been orange, with three irre- gular dark brown bands desceuding from the back. The top of the head is dark ; the belly and the fore part of the back showing the orange-coloured ground. The second dorsal, pectoral, and caudal, are tessellated by squarish, blackish-brown spots, confined to the meuibrane. These spots form rows, when the fins are fully extended. There are also some dark specks on the edge of the first dorsal, and a few blotches on the ventrals. The anal is orange, and unspotted. Length of the specimens generally about three inches. Obs. One specimen is entirely destitute of a first dorsal, and bears no mark of the back having received any injury. Its second dorsal contains twenty-one articulated rays, and the anal fin eighteen rays. Hab. The Falkland Islands. Harpagifer palliolatus. Richardson. Ch. Spec. H. strlgd albescenti ah extreme rostra per sum- mum dorsum ad caudam tractd ; laterihus fusvis trans- verse hifasclatis I corpore infra auranliaco. Radii;— Br. 6; D. 3|- A. 17; C. U^; P. 16; V. 1|5. Plate XII., figs. 5, 6, 7, natural size.* I have seen only one example of this form of Harpagifer, and am not convinced of its being specifically distinct liom bispinis, notwithstanding the very different way in which it is coloured. It may be a sexual dress merely. Only three spines can be delected in the first dorsal, and the supraorbitar crest seems to be composed of a single conical tube. In all other parts of external structure, the resemblance to bispinis is extremely close. The suboper- cular spine is acutely pointed. In bispinis this spine is sometimes acute, sometimes notched at the tip. The only reason for giving this fish a distinct name, is the milk- white streak which connnences on the symphysis of the upper jaw, and runs along the middle of the head and back to the tail, sending one band down the side towards the anus, and another at the end of the second dorsal. The maxillaries are also white. The ground-colour of the head and sides is greyish-black, fading on the flanks to hair brown. The under surface and the fins are marked as in bispinis. A small crenated flap projects from the fore edge of the anus, rather more conspicuously than in the ordinary ex- amples of bispinis, and there is a minute genital tubercle behind, as shown in figure 7. Length, 2'6-2 inches. Length from tip of upper lip to anus, rSO inches. Hab. The Falklauds. Pat^cus. Richardson, Ann. Nat. Hist, for Oct. 1844, vol. xiv. p. -280. Ch. Gen. Forma compressissima, circiimscriptioiie laterali semiparaboUcd ; facie frontatd oblique retro descen- denti. Os parvum, rictu fere horizonlali parum decliri. Maxilla inferior porosa, cirris minimis jinrr/' pn'ilila. Dentes minulissiuii, arciKuei in iiinjillis u/risque, ossi- busque pliaryiKjeis stipati. Lingua, vomer, palatum- que l(Bves. Oculi laterales in summd gena positi. Ossa capitis operculorumque inermiu, sulcatim iiisculpla. Os preorbitale membro tenui verticali : disco in/'ero dila- tato, iiiscnlpto. Catenula suborbilalis memhraiiacco- tubulala, iiec ossea, oculo remota, e disco preorbitalis ad tempera genam transcurrens. Apertura branchialis ampla, postice infraque etiam intra ramos nia:r///(e inferioris ad mentem usque externa, super opercnhiiii c/aiis/i. Membrana branchiostega su- perne apuiildid, infra non isthmo annexa nee cum pari suo conjugata, radiis sex sustentata. Squamae nulla. Cutis Icevissimus. Linea lateralis pos- tice summum dorsum atlingens. Anus niedianus, pa- pilla nulla. Pinnee pectorales satis magna;, pauciradiatoi, humiles, po- sitioiie forsitaiique Juiictione veiilrales pinnas quce desunt simulantes ; radiis tenuibus mdivisis omnibus urticulatis. Pinna dorsi pinnam dorsalem Agriopi referens, per totum dorsum ab e.vtremo fronte ante ociilos ad pinuam caudte usque cui membrana counexa regnans : radiis iirticu- lalis ejus et pinncB ani attenuatis vix a radiis uou arti- cular ibus, Jiexilibus, uumerosioribus oculo nudo dig- noscendis. Pinna ani a pinna caudw discreta. Radii piinne caudcc indivisi, tenues, articulati. Vertebree circiler 35, quarui/i 18 ad caudam perlinentes. Pat.ecus fkonto. Richardson. Pat curve. Caudal fin oval, both lobes nearly equally high, and the under one scarcely running farther forward than the upper one. About thirty carti- laginous rays shine through the integuments of each lobe. The caudal spine occupies more than two-thirds of the width of the tail at its insertion, tapers to a very acute point, is striated on its anterior surface, and strengthened behind by a rounded keel, which fits a depression in the tail. Its edges are serrated by very acute reverted teeth. The greatest thickness of the disk is at the junction of the shoulder-girdle with the spine, and from this place the vertical diameter lessens both longitudinally and laterally. The eyes are of moderate size, and have rather a lateral aspect. Their posterior halves are embraced externally by the spout holes, which exceed the orbits in size, and are widest behind. A small valvular fold projects within the spout-hole from its orbital wall, the rest of its lining is smooth. The united nasal fla]) has a straight free edge, and is fringed by obtuse cuticular processes, invisible to the naked eye. The base of the flap is slightly narrower than its free border, and its bridle springs from the middle of the upper lip. In the plate the flap is shown in two positions, when hanging down, and when drawn up. A small rounded lobe projects into the nasal opening from its under border. Folds or streaks are disposed in a doubly pectinated order on the lining of the nostrils. When the mouth is gently open, the dental plates occupy the entire borders of the transverse or slightly arched rictus, the teeth rolling a little farther out in the middle of the lower jaw. Individually the teeth are rhomboidal, with the transverse diameter rather exceeding the longi- tudinal one, and having a flat or slightly tumid disk, with- out ridges. Edge of the upper velum straight, and finely fringed, like the nasal flap. Lower velum furni.shed with three or more soft, smooth, conical papilla;, which di.sap- pear as the integuments are moved or stretched. Many pores which exist in the disk and tail are shown in their proper positions in the figure. Genital canal transversely plaited, the tapering cornua of the uterus shaggy, with long, filamentous, crowded villi. Liver large, and when the belly is slit up, nearly concealing the intestines, granular, and divided into two oval lobes by F 2 a fissure penetrating through three-fourths of its depth. The right lobe is the thickest and largest. There are no lobules. The stomach being tender, was torn in the exa- mination, but appears to have been an oblong wide sac, terminating in a narrow intestine, somewhat longer than itself. To this succeeds a valvular colon, which is about as long as the stomach, but rather wider, and lastly, a smooth rectum, a little shorter than the valvular part of the gut. The specimen, after being kept in spirits, is reddish- brown on the upper surface, with dark lines, disposed somewhat like the harness of a cart-horse, whence the specific name of ephippiatus. Their exact form may be ascertained more correctly by turning to the figure, than from any description. DIMENSIONS. Length from snout to tip of tail W7b inches. „ „ base of caudal spine 9'26 „ „ „ crescentic edge of ventrals be- neath 7-75 „ „ „ hinder angles of pectorals 7-52 „ axilla of ditto 692 „ „ „ fore point of vent 6-55 „ „ „ posterior gill-opening 5'65 „ „ „ first ditto 2-70 „ „ „ mouth 1'68 „ „ „ middle of nostrils 1'28 „ „ „ centres of spout-holes 2-25 „ „ „ centres of orbits 1'90 „ Width of free edge of nasal flap 075 „ „ between anterior pair of gill-openings 1*82 „ „ between posterior ditto 1"19 „ Longitudinal diameter of eyes 0-45 „ „ „ spout-holes 0-72 „ Distance between ditto 1"10 „ Breadth of disk 800 „ Hab. Storm Bay, Van Diemen's Land. Zeus australis. Richardson. Radii :— Br. 7 ; D. 10|23 ; A. 4l22 ; C. 134- ; P. 14 ; V. 1 15. Plate XXV., fig. 1. A single specimen of this fish, in very bad condition, was brought home. The pectoral, ventral and caudal fins are mutilated, and much of the membrane and filaments of the spinous dorsal have disappeared, so that these parts are not to be considered as exactly represented in the figure. On comparing the specimen carefully with examples of Zeusfaher, the resemblance of the two species is found to be very great. The Australian fish has, however, propor- tionally shorter and stouter dorsal spines, the soft part of the fin occupying rather more space. The fourth spine is the tallest, while in Zeus faher it is the third. The shields at the bases of the dorsal and anal are more numerous, but much less acutely spinous in Zeus austialis, which possesses seven shields under the soft dorsal, and eight along the corresponding part of the anal, besides angular points at the root of the spines. The thoracic and abdo- minal shields are also scarcely spiniferous, while in faher the thoracic shields have thin, acute, falcate points, and the ventral ones support acute spines. The supra-scapular spine is nearly obsolete in australis, and the coracoid pro- cess, above the pectoral, as well as the other angular bones about the head, are less acute. The surfaces of the preoperculuin, and of the frontal bones are flat and striated. In Z. faber the former of these bones is strengthened by a smooth, elevated, central rib, and the frontal bones show a thin edge on the upper surface of the head, forming keels, which end in a small spine on each side of the occiput. This point is smooth and flat in australis. Length, fourteen inches. The specimen is too much decayed to possess any re- mains of colour, and there is no vestige of a lateral spot. In the third volume of the ' Zoological Journal,' I de- scribed a Van Diemen's Land fish under the name of Ca- pros australis, from a coloured drawing, executed by a convict in that colony. It is possible that he had the spe- cies described above before him, in which case he has omitted the spinous shields, and thrown the dorsal fin too far back. The drawing was rose-coloured, without a late- ral spot. Hab. Port Jackson, Australia. Crenidens triglyphus. Richardson. Cu. Spec. Cr. dentibus tricuspidatis ; radiis articulari- bus pinued dorsi spinas altitudine excedentibus. Radii:— Br. 6; D. 15ll2; A. 3|12 ; C. 154; P. 16 ; V. 1|5. Plate XXV., fig. 2. This fish has the physiognomy of Crenidens forskalii, with the same proportion of height to length, but with a rather less convex profile, and somewhat thinner jaws. The outline of the dorsal fin, and the number of rays of the two species, do not correspond, and there are other diff"erences. The suborbitar of Cr. triglyphus is square, with nearly straight edges, and without the small notch at the head of the maxillary which forskalii shows. The scales of the cheek are small, and disappear on the disk of the preoper- culuin and upper border of the gill-cover; the suboper- culum, interoperculum, most of the preoperculuin, and lower part of the operculum, are covered with smooth skin, thickly sprinkled with minute black dots. In the figure of Cr. forskalii, in the Histoire des Poissons (pi. 162 quater), the whole operculum, suboperculum, and in- teroperculum, are covered with pretty large scales. The disk of the preoperculum is smooth, and in both species the edge of this bone is transversely furrowed, producing wide, obtuse crenatures. The operculum of Cr. trir/li/phus ends in a thin, flat, acute point, above which the bone slopes away with a slightly concave curve. In oiu- figure, this bony point is represented rather too much like a spine. A row of pretty large scales crosses the supra-scapular region, as in forskalii, but their disks are covered with smaller scales, so that they are rendered inconspicuous. There are forty-six scales in a row, between the gill- opening and caudal fin, which are generally oblong, with the base truncated, the two sides parallel to each other, and the apex rounded. A meniscoid segment of the tip of the scale is rough with teeth, the outer ones very acute, and ciliating the edge. Behind this there is a small, smooth rectangle. 37 or square, from which the fan-like funows, varying in number from fifteen to twenty-two, radiate sharply, and take in the whole basal edge. Fine lines of structure are visible parallel to the lateral edges of the scale, ceasing at the flat disk. The lateral line is composed of scales traversed by a simple tube, and covered by the scales above and below, so that, comparatively, little of their disk is seen. Many small scales are crowded on the shoul- der at the commencement of the lateral line, mingling imperceptibly with the small ones on the head. The scales behind the ventrals on the under surface of the belly are longer and naiTower. The dorsal and anal fins are embraced at the base by scaly fillets, which Forskal indicates when he says "fossuld in dorso ;" the soft parts of these fins are scaly between the rays, half-way up, and there are also scaly fillets at the base of the spinous rays, not at every ra}', nor exactly alternately. No scales are shown in the fins of Cr. forskalii, in the figure above referred to, nor is mention made of them in the text of the Histoire des Puissons, but those of the body are said to be " tniiices et tisses,,'" so that if there be no mistake, they differ widely from those of Cr. triglyphus. The branchiostegous rays are six in number.* The first five dorsal spines are rather abruptly graduated, the five following ones are all of one length, and the last four are again graduated, but very slightly, the last one being as tall as the fifth one. The first short spine touches the second at its base, but is separated from it by membrane at the tip. The soft part of the fin is higher than the spines, and the last ray is divided to the base. The se- cond and third anal spines are equal to each oilier, and in some specimens, are as tall as the longest dorsal spines, but in the one from which our figure was taken, they are a little shorter. The basal half of the caudal is scaly. This fin is concave on the edge, especially in the smaller spe- cimens, but in the larger ones, when the fin is stretched out it becomes almost even. In the Histoire des Poissons, the dentition of Cr. fors- kalii is described in the following terms : — " II y a deu.v rangees de dents incisives a chaque md- choire, Ve.vteriie de di.v dents, Vinterne de vingt. Ces dents sont larges, aplaties, inserees terticalement sur la mdclioire ; leur bord est festonn6 et denteU par cinq deniicides, dont les trois du milieu depassent de beancoup les laterales. Derriere ces incisives il y a de petites dents grenues et arrondies sur plusieurs rangs. Les pharyn- giennes sont en cardes tres-Jines." The outer teeth of Cr. triglyphus are arranged nearly as above-mentioned, viz., about twenty-two on each limb of each jaw, and here and there the row is doubled, or even trebled, but not in a regular manner. But the inner teeth, though much shorter than the outer ones, are exactly alike in form, pressed closely within each other in five or six rows, so that only the extreme tips project beyond the gum, and give the appearance of a close villiform surface, which is separated by a furrow from the longer teeth on the edge of the jaw, produced by the forward inclination of the latter. It is evident that, as the longer teeth wear * The text of the Histoire des Poissons mentions five gill-rays, while the formula, a few lines lower, marks six. away, their place is supplied by a row from the posterior ones. Each tooth has three blunt lips. The tongue is soft and granular. The roof of the mouth is toothless. The specimens, which have been long preserved in spirits, are dark coloured, with faint lines in the direction of the scales. Length, from five to sixteen inches. Hab. Port Jackson, Australia. Dajaus diemensis. Richardson. Dajaus diemensis. Bich. Zool. Tr. iii. p. 123. Radii:— Br. 6; D.4]— 10; A.31I2; C. 14^; P. 15; V. IjS. Plate XXVI., figs. 1, 2. This mullet is fully described, and the characters which distinguish it from the previously discovered Australian mullets, pointed out in the work above quoted. It was placed in the genus Dajaus, on account of its vomerine and palatine teeth, but its mouth does not exactly corre- spond with that of Dajaus monticola, and differs little from that of some true mullets. The greater number of its anal rays distinguishes it readily from the other mullets of the Australian seas. Many of the scales had dropped fi-om the operculum of our specimens, before they formed the subject of the artist's skill, so that their exact size and distribution on that part may not be quite correctly repre- sented ; the figure is excellent in other parts. Length, from ten to fourteen inches. Hab. Van Diemen's Land and West Australia ; King George's Sound ; Port Arthur. Latris ciliaris. Ch. Spec. L. capite quintam partem longitudiiiis piscis totius ejfficiente ; radiis sex inferioribus pinnai pectoris indivisis ; caudd emarginatd lobis inaqualibus. Radii:— B. 6; D. 17|39; A. SjSS; C. 13|; V.UetG; A. 1|5.* Sciana ciliaris, Descr. An. J. R. Forsteri, cura H. Licht. p. 138, pars descr. Icon Ined. Georg. Forst. No. 209 in Bibl. Banks, serv. Plate XXVI., fig. 6, one-third nat. size, fig. 7, magnified. In the 'Transactions of the Zoological Society' (vol. iii. p. 106), I gave an account of the characters of Latris, which may be considered either as a subdivision of Chei- lodactylus, or as a proper genus, according to the different views of systematic writers. A detailed account of a striped species, named Latris hecateia, accompanied by a con-ect figure, is there given. This is the " Trumpeter" of Van Diemen's Land, the fish w'hich is most prized in the colony lor its edible qualities. Fish of the same genus had been observed on the coast of New Zealand, by the naturalists who accompanied Cook on his first and second voyages. One species was taken in Queen Charlotte's Sound, and named by Solander Scixna salmonea, but he left no description of it, and all that remains for its identi- Thei represents one dorsal spine too many. fication is an unfinished pencil sketch by Parkinson, pre- served in the Banksian Library. This exhibits only fifteen dorsal spines, and does not agree, in that respect, with any specimen we have seen. Another species, procured in Dusky Bay, was named by J. R. Forster Sciana lineata, and his description of it published in Schneider's Bloch, under the appellation of Cichla litieata, and also in the edition of his notes, brought out by Lichtenstein (p. 134). George Forster's sketch of the fish, No. 204, in the Bank- sian Library, differs so much in outline from Latris he- cateia, that I have not thought it expedient to refer both to the same species, though no decided character is no- ticed in the description by which they can be distinguished. A comparison of Dusky Bay and Van Diemen's Land spe- cimens is required to decide the point. There are two other figures by George Forster, which have a closer bearing on the subject of this article than the preceding ones. One numbered 205* in the Banksian collection, is a coloured drawing of a fish taken in Dusky Bay, and named by the natives Moghee. This presents very nearly the outline of Latris hecateia, but wants the lateral stripes of that species, and also the yellow tail of Latris lineuta. It is entitled Latris ciliaris. The other, also inscribed Latris ciliaris, is a pencil sketch of a fish, obtained in Queen Charlotte's Sound on the 25th of Octo- ber, 1774. A description of Latris ciliaris is contained in Lichtenstein's edition of J. R. Forster's notesf (p. 137), and reference is made to a figure by George Forster, but it is not said which of the two is meant, and the exact locality is not noted in this work as it is generally on the drawing, so that we receive no assistance from that consideration, + but we may suppose that figure (No. 205) is the one in- tended, since its dimensions (nine inches in total length), correspond with those given in the text. The rays of the dorsal and anal fins are stated in one paragraph to be, D. 16|43; A. 2,36; and in another to be, D. 16|38; A. 2|32. Such a difference in numbers rarely occurs in the same species, and I think it probable that the descrip- tion was made at different dates, and of two distinct spe- cies. It is with the sketch 209, and the rays enumerated in the last paragraph, as well as in the size, which is stated to be thirty inches, that Sir James Ross's specimen, figured in Plate 26, so nearly corresponds, that 1 have considered them to belong to one species, to which I have applied Forster's name of ciliaris, being unwilling to add to the number of specific names, where it can be avoided. If Forster be supposed to have overlooked the first short and incumbent spine of the dorsal and anal spines, there is no material discrepancy between the rays of our specimen and those enumerated in his concluding paragraph. As to George Forster's figures, no great endeavour at accuracy of numbers has been made, if we may judge by com- paring them with his father's descriptions," but they render * In the comments I made on this figure in the ' Zooh)};ical Tran- sactions,' iii. p. 115, the number of it is erroneously printed 204 instead of 205. t Anthias ciliaris, Schn. Bl p. X In Lichtenstein's work, the pages containing Scicma ciliaris and hneata are headed Nova Hollandia, though in the text the species are said to inhabit the sea of Nova Zeelandia. the generic aspect of the fish, for the most part, very happily. One sentence in J. R. Forster's notes occasioned me some difficulty, " Tubercula bina supra oculos, ciliaria," but I now think that this merely refers to the convexity of the anterior frontal producing an obtuse superciliary ridge. The figiu-es show no other protuberance, although fi-om the conical supra-orbitar projections of the frontal bone, observed in some Cheilodactyli, we might be led to look for something similar in the allied group of Latris. Sir James Ross's specimen, measuring thirty inches in length, was procured at Sidney, and being put into brine, which spoiled during the voyage, reached this country in very bad condition. On this account our figure cannot pretend to perfect accuracy of outline or markings, but in other respects it may be relied upon. The head forms a fifth of the whole length to the tip of the lower lobe of the caudal-fin, and its height at the nape is one-sixth less than its length. The ej'e is high up, and midway between the tip of the snout and apex of the gill- flap. The convex space between the two eyes is less than two diameters of the orbit. The anterior frontal is convex and bulging. The maxillaries are moderately pi-otractile, their pedicels exceeding their dental limbs in length. The limbs of the lower jaw are unusuallj- broad and short, the jaw being articulated oppo.site to the fore edge of the rec- tangular preorbitar. The under lip folds broadly back laterally. The teeth, small, short, and slenderly subidate, are loosely set on both jaws, to the depth of five or six at the symphysis, diminishing to a single one at the corners of the mouth. Their tips are black in the specimen. There are none on the roof of the mouth. The preoperculum has a wide smooth disk, and its outer edge is curved parabolically. The upper limb, which is slightly concave, is finely serrated, the teeth becoming obsolete on the rounded corner. The operculum is large, and permits only a narrow subopercidum to appear beneath it. The disk of the interoperculum is comparatively broad. All these bones have entire edges. An occipital crest runs back on the nape, rendering it acute. The distance from its ridge to the ujjper edge of the gill-cover, exceeds a third of the height of the head. The belly is said to be keeled in Forster's notes. We cannot make out its true form from the specimen, but in Latris lineata the sides are compressed, and the belly acute behind the ventrals, yet there is a flattish under surface before these fins, and it is probable that ciliaris resembles it in these respects. The scales are arranged much as in the Scicciiidee. Those which compose the lateral line are traversed by a simple slender tube, and are notched at the tip. They are smaller than the others, and being overlapped by the adjoining scales both above and below, very little of their disk is seen. They amount to about eighty-four in num- ber, and diminish considerably in size towards the base of the caudal fin. There are twenty-four or twenty-five scales in a vertical row over the ventrals. The scaly fillets along the bases of the dorsal and anal fins exist, as is usual in the genus. The first dorsal .spine is incumbent on the lower half of the second one, and when invested with soft integument, they would naturally be reckoned only as a single spine, as Forster seems to have done. The two posterior articulated rays of this fin are approximated, and might also be enumerated as one. The first anal spine is so minute, that it can scarcely be found without dissection. The second one is also very short, but it is thicker, and obtuse. The third one scarcely exceeds a third of the height of the succeeding articulated ray, and is slender and tapering. The last anal ray is divided to the base, and might be reckoned as two. The ventrals are placed under the fifth and sixth dorsal spines, and the posterior third of the pectorals. The lobes of the caudal are une- qual, the lower one being largest. This form of the caudal is very general with the Cheilodactyll and Latres. Hab. Sidney Cove, Australia. Myctophum boops. Richardson. Ch. Spec. Myct. altitudine corporis vel longitudine ca- pitis quintam partem longitudinis piscis totius tequaitte ; oculo mag)io spatium interocularem e.vcedenti ; appa- ratu lucido, cariiinto f route valde conspicuo ; pinnd dorsi supra veiitralcs aiilepositas incipienti ; pinnis pectoris aitum aitiiigevtibiis. Radii : — D. U— 0; A. 20 ; C. 17| ; P. 1.5 ; V. 8. Plate XXVII., figs. 6-12. Many Mediterranean fish of the natural family of Sal- tnonid. Myctophum hians. Richardson. Ch. Spec. Myct. ore laxissimo ; pinnd dorsi post ven- trales incipienti ; pinnd ani longd ; allitudine corporis quintam partem longitudinis totius aquanti ; caudd gracillimd, elongatd. Radii. — D. 14; A. 22; C. 22; P. 15; V. 8. Plate XXVJI., figs. 19, 20, 21. This species has a gape as wide as Lampanyclus, and the dorsal placed farther back than is usual in Myctophum, with a longer anal. It possesses the common clavate out- line, with an obtuse forehead, and very slender tail. The height of the body equals one-fifth of the total length, caudal included. The short dorsal stands between the ventrals and anal, and the top of the tail, behind the minute adipose fin, is flattish, and exhibits a row of bright specks laterally, corresponding to the number of the scales that cover it. The anal fin is proportionally long. One half of the gape is behind the eye, and the preoper- culum has a corresponding inclination backwards. The maxillaries are very slender, with merely a slight oval dilatation at their ends. Teeth on the jaws subulate, slender, and acute; three rows on the lower jaw, and two on the intermaxillaries. There is not much difference in their height, but the row which is on the edge of the jaw appears taller when held up to the light. There is a single row on the edge of the palate bones, like those of the jaw, and two or three irregular rows of granular teeth at its base. None were discovered on the chevron of the vomer. The scales of the lateral line are narrower, higher, and more numerous than in the other species, being forty-one, and there is only one complete row above them, while in the preceding Myctophi there are two. The rest of the scales are roundish, with the base less curved, and crossed by four or five furrows. (Fig. 20, 21.) I am unable to describe the shining apparatus on the forehead, the jaws having come away while the specimen was in the artist's hands, before I had properly examined them. There seemed to be, however, a small mesial crest between the eyes, and anotlier between the nostrils ; and it is probable that the glandular matter was deposited on each side of them. The top of the tail between the adi- pose fin and caudal is flat, and is covered with a nacry matter. There are nineteen bright opal dots over the anal, two, as usual, on the lower base of the caudal, and the others which we observe in the rest of the Oceanic Myctophi. Length, two inches. I examined the intestines of one of the small specimens, but it was too much decayed for me to ascertain the spe- cies. The gullet is narrow, below which a wider cyhn- drical tube descends, to unite with an ascending pyloric branch of equal size. More than half the length of the stomach lies beneath their junction, in form of a conical sac, which was very dark-coloured, from its contents. The gut, on the contrary, is thin, delicate, transparent, and slightly puckered, but not convoluted. There are about six pyloric caeca, of unequal lengths. The air- G 42 bladder had broken down, and appeared to be small and nacry. The vertebrae of this species are thirty-nine in number. Hab. This Myctophum was put up along with the others, and was most likely taken in the same parts of the Ocean. Lampanyctus eesplendens. Richardson. Ch. spec. L. pinna pectorali longd ; pinndque dorsi magna ; ossibus preorbitalibus, niandihularibusque lineis scabris percursis. Radii:— B. 6 vel 8 ; D. 23—0; A. 18; C. 17| + | spines ; P. 13 ; V. 8. Plate XXVII,, figs. 16, 17,18. The Prince of Musignano separated this genus from Myctophum, on account of the greater length of the pec- torals, and the somewhat pike-like depressed snout, giving the fish altogether a diff'erent physiognomy. The species that we have to describe differs considerably from the Myctophi in the profile of the head, and in the size of the dorsal, but the pectorals are more like those of that genus than of Lampamjcius bonapartii. Form more spindle-like, and less clavate, than that of IMyctoplmm. Height of body contained five or six times in the total length, while the length of the head is con- tained only four times. The thickness of the body for- wards, and the height of the tail behind the adipose fin, are each about equal to half the height of the shoulder. The profile slopes with a slight convexity up to the dorsal line, which is very moderately arched ; and the belly is still more flat. The rather large eye is placed well forwards near the snout, and the preo])erculum, consequently, has a large backward slope. The hinder edge of the preoperculum is parallel to the preoperculum, but has a wide, shallow concavity ; while the suboperculum, which forms, as usual, the apex of the gill-cover, slopes in the opposite direction, giving to the entire flap a very difterent form to the nearly vertical convex edge which it exhibits in the Myctophi. The nostrils are rather peculiar, one orifice being a short vertical slit, separated from the orbit by a thin, vertical, cartilaginous crest or valve. The other orifice is a round opening, with slightly elevated edges, and lies conti- guously and on the inside of the other. An obtuse me- sial ridge separates the pairs of nostrils, and behind the ridge, between the eyes, there is a small shallow depres- sion. The skin lining it is entire and granular, but whe- ther any of the glandular substance seen on the foreheads of the Myctophi was deposited in this spot, cannot be made out from the specimens, which have been long in spirits. The top of the head is scaly up to this depression, which does not go farther back than the anterior third of the orbit. The circumference of the nostrils is rough, and the suborbitar bones and lower jaw are crossed by parallel rough lines. The cheeks and gill-plates are covered by a few large oblique scales, which are very deciduous, and as the specimens were all more or less injured, their exact number and disposition could not be ascertained. They are represented in fig. 16, as well as they could be made out from the inspection of six examples. The preorbitar and fore part of the operculum and suboperculum are mi- nutely grooved. The large dorsal extends from before the ventrals to past the middle of the anal. The adipose fin is small. The tail is armed on its upper edge, close to the base of the caudal, by seven short spines, and below by nine, which are distinctly visible to the naked eye. All the fins have been more or less injured on the tips, but the figure is completed from the aggregate of the specimens. The nar- row scaly gill-membranes fringe the limbs of the lower jaw, and are supported by six (or perhaps eight) gill- rays.* An even band of very short villiform teeth arms both jaws, exterior to the acute edge. The row which crowns the edge is not actually taller than the others, but appears so from its position. A similar band arms the edge of each palate bone, and there is a large oval patch of very minute granular teeth, nearly covering the convex disk of that bone. There are no teeth on the chevron of the vomer. The gills come forward within the limbs of the jaw, close to the chin, leaving no tongue, except the very narrow union of their arches. A prominent mesial ridge, armed with minute teeth, separates these arches below, and it is flanked on each side by slender rough rakers, whose tips project into the cavity of the mouth. The upper pharyngeals make two distinct prominent cushions on each side, bristling with minute, acute teeth. The lower pharyngeals are armed with still finer teeth. There are thirty-seven scales on the lateral line, all of them fissured or notched in the middle of their free edge, and furnished with a wide tube towards their base. The other scales are suborbicular, and have five or six fan-like furrows on the base, with a few faint lines radiating from the centre, across the rest of their disk. The pearly dots are distributed nearly as in the Mycto- phi, there being fourteen of them over the anal. There is, besides, a row of oblique, orange-coloured or shining specks, running backwards from the supra-scapulars over the shoulders. The row is interrupted, and recommences higher up, beneath the fourth or fifth dorsal rays, and is continued to the end of that fin. There are similar specks on the small rays at the base of the caudal, above and below, and the flat upper surface of the tail, behind the adipose fin, is covered with the same yellowish matter. There are also a few specks of it on the flanks. These pale or yellowish specks are very distinct from the opal dots, and are more superficial. The stomach of this fish is a pretty large cylindrical sac, with an obtusely conical apex, and a short, ascending, pyloric branch springing from near its middle. The gullet is more contracted. The pyloric creca lie in two clusters, one of four, and the other of three, unequal in length, the longest exceeding that of the pyloric fork of the sto- mach. The stomach is black, like the inside of the mouth, * I could only obsene six, but it may be that one or two escaped ray search. 43 Ihe gut is white, thin, and delicate, a little flexuosc, but not convoluted, and it is twice the length of the stomach. Length, four inches. IIab. The exact localities where this fish was taken are unknown ; but it is supposed to be, like the Myctophi, an inhabitant generally of the warmer parts of both oceans. Hemiscyllium trispeculaue. Richardson. Plate XXVIII. Hemiscyllium trispeculare, Richardsou, Icones Piscium. Lond. 1843, p. 5, Plale I., fig. 3. This species was first made known in the work above quoted, wherein a coloured figure is given from a drawing by Lieutenant Emery, of Her Majesty's ship Beagle, of a specimen taken at Turtle Island, on the north-west coast of Australia. A specimen, in perfect condition, obtained by Benjamin Bynoe, Esq., Surgeon of the Royal Navy, on the same coast, has entirely removed the doubts I en- tertained of this fish being a variety of the previously known species Hemiscyllium ocellatum. In general form the two differ little ; but in trispeculare the pectoral, dorsal and anal are somewhat more distant from the tip of the snout, and more definite discrepances exist in the shape of the scales, and the form and distribution of the spots on the body. H. trispeculare has an obtuse snout, from whence the profile rises in a convex cun'e, to blend with the dorsal line opposite to the pectorals. It then descends a little to the first dorsal, and runs straight from thence to the caudal fin, whose upper border is slightly arched. The ventral line is more nearly straight, the belly being only moderately prominent. Between the pectorals and ven- trals, where the body is thickest, the vertical and trans- verse diameters are equal, and measure two inches in our specimen. The belly is wider and flatter than the back, and the fish tapers gi'adnally to the beginning of the anal fin, at which place the height has diminished to one-third. Behind the second dorsal, the compression of the tail be- comes evident, and goes on increasing to the tip. On its upper surface the head is flatly rounded trans- versely, varied by a slight prominence of the eyebrows. From above the pectorals, to the first dorsal, the muscles, swelling on the top of the back, produce a mesial furrow, which is replaced by a low, rounded ridge between the dorsals, the narrower top of the back there being flatfish. The same form extends for a space behind the second dorsal, but in the increased compression of the tail, at the origin of the caudal fin, the flatness above is wholly lost, and the blunt upper edge of the fin appears as a continua- tion merely of the mesial ridge. The tip of the caudal is rounded, with a minute notch at the point of the spine, dividing it into two lobes, the lower of which is largest. In our specimen of ocellatum, this small notch is wanting. The belly is flattish below, and the swelling of the side muscles between the claspers and anal forms a mesial furrow. The spiracles, which are curved and rather oblique, have the same relative position as in ocellatuui , and the folds about the nostrils and mouth are also essentially the same as in that species. The inner nasal flap ends squarely on the edge of the mouth, and is flanked exteriorly by a thickish, tapering barbel, which originates at the anterior end of the nasal furrow. A middle .space separates the nasal flap of one nostril from that of the other, and the outer border of each nostril swells into a thick roll, which also reaches the orifice of the mouth, and is there sepa- rated by a deep scalcless fissure from the large rolls at the corner of the mouth, or, as they may be considered, the late- ral lips. At first sight, the lower lip seems to consist of three lobes, and the side lobes have actually free edges, and are bounded by scaleless membranous fissures, but the middle lobe is merely a pouting of the part continuous with the scaly integument of the throat. The surfaces of all the flaps or lips which have been mentioned are scaly, but the fissures are smooth and membranous, and when the outer lobes of the lower lip are raised, they seem to be retained by a membranous bridle. The teeth are three-lobed, all the lobes being obtuse in such teeth as have advanced to the edge of the jaw, but the posterior and newer ones have the middle or hinder lobe more elongated and pointed. In the upper jaw, be- hind the dental plates, there is a thickish, plaited velum, having a shaggy surface. In the lower jaw, a central bridle runs to the tip of the tongue, dividing, in its course, two concentric folds of membrane, looking like two rela, and, when the tongue is raised, forming two cells on each side of the bridle. The last three gill-openings are over the pectoral, and the last two are nearer to one another than any other pair, contrary to a remark of Miiller and Henle, that in this genus the last two openings are not approximated. We observe the same thing in our specimen of ocellatum. The skin has a peculiarly neat, smooth, shining, though granular aspect, and feels rough only when the finger is drawn towards the head. Figure 7 represents a scale of trispeculare, and figure 8, one of ocellatum, showing their difl"erence of form. Although there is a general resemblance in the bands and distribution of the black patches on the fins of the two species, the markings on the body differ very greatly. In trispeculare, the spots, having a dark and rich brown colour, are in clusters of three or four, united into a larger spot by a lighter brown tint ; while in ocellatum they are single, fewer, and more scattered. The black spot with a pale border, behind the gill-opening, is oblong in ocel- latum ; but in trispeculare it is perfectly round, and two of the compound spots behind it being much darker than the rest, form, as it were, two additional ocelli, but not so perfect as the principal one. Much smaller spots thickly cover the top and sides of the head of trispeculare, and the ground-colour of the fish is represented in Lieutenant Emery's drawing as yellow. The belly is spotless in both species. As the figure gives the form and distriburion of the spots and bands with much accuracy, it is unnecessary to describe them at gi-cater length. On opening the belly, the liver is seen hiding the intes- tines. A deep cleft divides it into two lobes, the right one, ending in an acute lanceolate tip, being the longest. The left lobe is broader, and from beneath its obliquely trun- cated end, the fundus of the stomach appears, having the G 2 44 spleen, shaped like the head of an arrow, attached to its beud. These parts are represented in the first woodcut, a little separated, that their form may be better seen. On removing the liver, the intestines come into view, as in the second cut. A thick, dark purple, muscular oesophagus opens into a wide, white, ovate stomach, with a narrow gut passing from the right of its fundus, making a short sig- moid flexure, and entering a wide colon, which is traversed by a spiral valve. An ample rectum completes the canal, and is shown in the cut, suspended by a portion of the mesentery, with a gland close to it. The testes are drawn to the right, that they may be seen, and above them there is a glandular body, composed of large compressed acini, which separate from each other when the containing cap- sule is ruptured. The cuts show the viscera of their proper size, and we have used the terms right and left in reference to their natural position in the fish, with its belly downwards. DIMENSIONS. Length from the end of the suout to the tip of the tail ... 22-50 inches. „ „ first dorsal 8-25 „ „ „ anus 6-88 „ ,. „ ventrals 6-40 „ n „ last gill-opening.. 3'50 „ „ „ first ditto 2-50 „ 1. „ pectorals 2-73 „ )t „ spiracles 1-50 „ eye 1-35 „ I) „ mouth 038 „ Distance between the anus and tail fin 11-35 „ Length of claspers along their interior edges 270 „ „ tail fin, two under lobes 3-80 AcANTHiAS. Miiller and Henle. Plate XXVIII., fig. -5. This figure is copied from a drawing of a foetal shark by Dr. Hooker, executed on the Australian coast. Miiller and Henle state that the Acanthias vulgaris is an inha- bitant of the southern seas, and that the young are spotted with white. They say nothing, however, of the black patches on the fins, and we have, therefore, introduced the figure, that it may be compared with equally young exam- ples of that species. Rynch.\na greyi. Richardson. Species nnica adhuc detecta. Radii: — Br. 3; D. 3|11 ; A. 21?; C. 19| ; P. 11; V. 9. Plate XXIX., figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. We owe this remarkable Cyprinoid to His Excellency Captain George Grey, Lieutenant-Governor of West Aus- tralia, whose exertions in the cause of Zoology have been productive of several important discoveries. One Cypri- noid [Ptycholepis) had been previously detected at the northern extremity of Australia, and the existence of another in the south-western corner of that land, now as- certained, is an important fact in the history of the geo- graphical distribution of fish. Further researches will probably show, that the absence, or even rarity of mem- 45 bers of this family in that district of the world, has been erroneously asserted ; and when one reflects that the Cy- prinidie are numerous in Java, and the adjoining chain of islands, a reasonable hope is naturally excited, of the existence of similar species on the opposite, and not far distant north-western coasts of Australia. A family which is almost wholly located in fresh waters, cannot be very abundant in the small islands of Polynesia ; but the ma- rine species above alluded to traverses Torres Straits to the island of Tanna. The rivers of the southern parts of Australia, being more like morasses, or strings of ponds of impure water, than healthy streams, are unsuitable for the nourishment of many kinds of fish ; but within the tro- jncs, where periodical and abundant rains fall, the rivers, whether small or large, are likely to be of a very different character, and to nourish many kinds of fish. Ichthyology has hitherto been considered as so secondary an object, that few or none of our surveying officers have pursued the search for fish with proper nets, and in a suitable manner ; yet, in a new colony especially, a knowledge of the neighbouring fishing-banks is of the first importance, and may be turned to good account. Sir James Ross's success in the discovery of novel and interesting forms offish, may be attributed to the constant employment of a towing net, and to his use of a dredge whenever practicable. The stomachs of seals and sea- birds were explored with success by him and Dr. Hooker. The Cypriuoid we have at present to describe, is quite a new form, and when the figures in Plate 29 were drawn, our only materials were two dried specimens from West Australia ; but within a few days we have had, through the kindness of Professor Owen, an opportunity of inspecting a specimen, very perfectly preserved in spirits, sent from New Zealand by Captain Sir Everard Home, of the North Star. We are thereby enabled to give some anatomical particulars, and to amend the description of the lips, which is not quite correctly given in fig. .3, owing to the contrac- tion of the parts in drying. This is remedied by the intro- duction nt I wo il tut ( \liiliiting the mouth, when closed.* e ^^""f^ The stninadi cniitained some blackish matter, mixed with grains of sand, and between the gills were fragments of a turbinated shell, old and worn, which had been long dead and evidently taken into the mouth along with the matters on which the fish preyed. The fragments were much too large to pass the oesophagus. Tins seems to be evidence of the fish finding its food among the sand or mud of the bottom, as indeed its form and position, so similar to the mouths of the sturgeons, would lead us naturally to infer. * Even this cut does not exhibit the rostral barbel and the labial papillee so clearly as I could have wished. The following is a summary of its most remarkable external characters. Rynchana, i. p. ^i^vxava, vasuia. Forma elotigala, inter C'yprinidas lovf/issima. Caput cotiinini i)hi(/iie jira'tcr iit1>ia .siiiuniiosiin). Rostrum vlha osrii/in/i iiroduci inn, co/iirin/i, nriilum, infrit cirrho parvido, wediaiio, so/ihirio .sitp/x'dilii/uni. Osculum in/eruin, ad suyeiidum apt ion, riclii palulo semi- rotmido. Labia trnnsrcrsini .sulcata papulosa ciliata. Lahiinn siiperiiin ad angulum oris lobulatuni . Labium infer inn tri-lohiilatinn. Dentes pharyngei, hreres, gracilenti, cylitidrici, iruncati, siihpavimentnti. Radii branchiostegi Ires. Membrana branchiostega cum ijiilo coalescens et aperturam solummodo verticalem iimitans. Pinna dorsi brevis, ventrales valde reiropositas oppo- nens : spinis validis nullis. Pinna ani in medio inter pinnas dorsi caudmqne posita. Pinna omnes inter radios squamosa. Appendices long. 133. Plate XXXI., fig. 1, 2, 3, 5, natural size., fig. 4 magnified. The form of this fish is pretty regular, the central and dorsal curves differing but little from each other. The slope from the upper lip to the dorsal is gradual, and simi- lar to the posterior curve of the back, and the height of the body, which is greatest under the fifth dorsal spine, is equal to the length of the head, and is contained three times and a half in the total length of the fish. Forster makes the head one-sixth of the total length, but his measurement is evidently made on the crown of the head, and not to the tip of the gill-cover. The thickness of the body is inferior to half its height. A small canine tooth stands forward at the angle of the mouth, being implanted in the upper jaw ; and behind the single visible row of teeth in both jaws there are much small- er ones similar to them in form nearly hidden by the soft parts. Other Lahri have also these interior teeth, and the dorsal and anal fins are quite destitute of the scaly sheaths of the Cosyphi, neither is there any enlargement of the jaws. There are many pores on the preorbitar, the subor- bitar bones, the preoperculura, temples, upper surface of the cranium, and first row of nuchal scales. The cheeks are covered by five or six rows of small scales, but on the gill-cover the scales are as large as those of the body. The lateral line is traced on twenty- eight scales, and descends suddenly behind the dorsal and anal fins for the breadth of a scale. Its muciferous canals on the anterior scales make a single fork like the letter Y, but are more branched on the posterior ones. Each scale is obscurely three-lobed at the base, with numerous fan-like furrows, and there are also some less regular diverging lines on the exposed part of the disk. The spines of the dorsal and anal are rather slender, and the caudal is even at the end. Forster describes the colours as follows : forehead and back deep reddish brown, the sides green, and the belly silvery white. Caudal fin and gill-covers greenish brown, a roundish black spot an inch and a half in diameter, high on the side opposite to the anus, and three obsolete brown- ish black streaks towards the tail. The pectoral, ventral, and anal fins are yellow ; the latter being marked by two or three black spots, and the dorsal by more scattered ones. Our specimens have lost their original tints by long maceration in spirits, but the lateral spot is still con- spicuous, though of a smaller size than it is described to be by Forster. It is crossed by the lateral line. The disks of the scales are much darker than their margins, especially on the flanks ; there are two dark streaks on the temples, a few spots on the anal, and the dorsal is clouded by ill-de- fined spots. Obs. The Spams notatus of Solander (Mss. Pise. Austr. ; Parkinson 37, Icon ined. Bibl. Banks ; Richardson, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. xi. p. 425), has considerable re- semblance to this species in the distribution of its dark tints, as well as in its external form, but the large, oval, black spot is situated some distance below the lateral line. The Labrus pcecilopleura of New Zealand, as far as we can judge from the description of it in the ' Histoire des Poissons,' (p. 13, 95), does not differ specifically from Solander's notatus. These species, and several other Aus- tralian Lahri, viz. L. tetricus, fucicola, laticlavius, and psittaculus (Richardson, Zool. Trans.) ; and also the L. ephippiuni and gayi of the ' Histoire des Poissons,' agree with celidotus in the numbers of the dorsal and anal spines, and differ widely in that character from the Eu- ropean Lahri. Hab. Seas of New Zealand and Australia, Southern Is- land of New Zealand, (Forster) ; Woosung, North of China, (Sir Everard Home). Labrus botryocosmus. Richardson. Radii :— D. 9|11 ; A. 3|10 ; C. 12| ; P. 12 ; V. 1|5. Plate XXXI., figs. C, 7, 8, & 10. natural size ; 9 magnified. This Labrus is very much like the preceding one, the most palpable difference being the existence of a cluster of black dots above the lateral line and under the posterior dorsal spines, with a longitudinal bar on the dorsal and another on the anal, in place of the lateral s])ot and other markings of celidotus. There is also a pale blue streak running up the posterior border of the preorbitar and along the suborbitar chain. The dentition does not differ from that of celidotus, and there is a similar minute canine at the angle of the mouth. On comparing the specimens closely with one another, the following differences were detected in form. The profile of the snout of botryocosmus is gibbous, its snout is wider, and the curve formed by the junction of the cranium with the scaly nape is more contracted than in celidotus. The posterior limb of the preoperculum is nearly erect, and meets the lower limb at a right angle, while in celidotus the angle is much more open. The scales of botryocosmus are in general more elongated, and the tubes which mark out the lateral line are simply forked in the tail, and move branched anteriorly, contrary to what is observed in celidotus. Hab. Coasts of South Australia and Van Diemen's Land. Macrourus, vel Lepidorhynchus denticolatus. Richardson. Ch. Spec. M. squamis ovalibus rotundatisve nan carina- tis postice spinuloso-hirtis ; radio pinnte dorsi antico submutico ; piiitid dorsi secundd lonyius pone anum incipienti. Radii: — D. 12—? A.—? P. 18. Plate XXXII., fig. 1. natural size ; 2, 3, magnified. About eight species of this genus are now known ; viz. two which inhabit the Greenland seas, two belonging to 54 the Mediterranean and adjoining districts of the Atlantic, one to the Canaries, one to the sea of Japan, and two to the seas of Australia. The chief peculiarities of the spe- cies now first named are indicated in the specific character given above. It agrees with M. stromii of E,heinhardt, and the M.calorrhynchus of the Mediterranean and Madeira, in the scales being armed on the exposed part of their disk by slender subulate or setaceous spines, not disposed in any definite order. M. fabricii (Sundevall), M. sclerorhynchus (Valenciennes), and M. australis (Richai'dson, Zool. iii. p. 151, pi. 8, & 1) have the scales armed with spines ranged in rows and incumbent on each other, forming toothed ridges. The trachyrhynchus of the Mediterranean, and japonicus (Temni. et Schleg; Krusenstern, t. 60, f. 8, 9), differ from the others, in having tapering acute snouts. Our specimen of M. detiticukitus was thrown up on the beach of South Australia, and has lost the end of its tail. It was dried, and the soft parts about the snout have shri- velled away, so that the true form of that part is still unknown. The mouth appears to be more nearly terminal than in the other species, and is certainly much more so than in M. amiralis. The eye also is larger, and the flat cheek and sloping disk of the preoperculum do not taper to a point as in that species. There is a thin temporal ridge ; the first dorsal is tall, the second one low, and commen- cing a good way behind the anus. The first ventral ray ter- minates in a slender filament, and the upper jaw is armed by longer and more widely set teeth than that of aus- tralis. A scale from the lateral line is shown in pi. 32, fig. 3, and one from another place on the side in fig. 4. Hab. Coasts of South Australia. NoTACANTHUS SEXSPiNis. RichardsoH. Ch. Spec. N. capite conico, rostra obtnso ; apicibus den- iium lanceolatis ; pinnis pectoris ad aperturam bran- chiarum approximatis. Radii : — D. 6|1 ; A. ]4|— ? P. 13 vel 14 ; V. 2'{J, cum pari suo coiijuyatd. Plate XXXII., figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, nat. size ; 6, 10, 11, magn. The specimen from which our figure was made, was thrown ashore in King George's Sound, and has lost part of its tail. It was prepared simply by drying, and on soak- ing it well in water it resumed its former dimensions, in which state it was drawn by the artist. In general form it resembles A^. nasus,* but the snout, though blunt at the point, is more exactly conical, and the profile, instead of being gibbous just behind the eye, has a gentle straight declivity which unites imperceptibly with the dorsal line. The mouth is farther back than in nasus, the front part of the cleft being under the nostrils and the posterior corner opposite to the middle of the eye. The maxillary forks at the lower end, its upper prong being an acute subulate Not. nasus ; fronte yibho ; dentibits subulatis parum compressis ; pinnis pectoris ub aperturd branchiarum remolis. Radii ;— D. 11—; A. C. 13 136 ; P. 16 ; V. 3l8. spine, and the lower one a thin linear slip of bone which curves slightly round the corner of the mouth, and is con- cealed in the thickness of the lip. In N. nasus, the upper lip forms an obtuse pendulous lobe at the corner of the mouth, and the maxillary has also a spinous point, which is represented in pi. 55, fig. 2 of the new French edition of the ' Regne Animal,' but omitted by Bloch. Judging from the French figure, the naked parts about the mouth seem to be more extensive in nasus. In se.vspiiiis the scaly integu- ment comes close to the upper teeth, but the lower lip is naked : the rest of the head is densely scaly, so that the forms of the bones cannot be made out. The upper teeth (fig. 10) are compressed, with lanceolate, acute tips, which point obliquely backwards. The under ones (fig. 11) are closely set, and have hair-like erect stems with acute slightly incurved tips. The palatine and vo- merine teeth ai'e smaller and more subulate than those of the lower jaw, and are ranged in a single series, forming an arc within those of the upper jaw. There are about twenty or twenty-one on each side of the upper jaw, and twenty-four on each limb of the lower one. The scales are small, oval, and impressed by fine furrows, which radiate from an eccentric point. The lateral line is nearly straight and runs above the middle of the height. The first dorsal spine stands opposite to the posterior third of the ventrals, as in nasus, and the third one is op- posite to the first anal spine. A small, forked, jointed ray stands in the axilla of the last dorsal spine. Both the ven- tral spines and the last two dorsal ones are obsoletely jointed, though they are stiff and pungent. The ventrals are completely united to each other, so as to form but one fin, as represented by fig. 5. The anal commences with fourteen acute, pungent spines, but joints are distinctly perceptible in three or four of the ]50sterior ones. The tail being mutilated, we cannot state the number of the soft anal rays, but the form of the portion of fin which remains is much like that of nasus. The series of glandular points represented as running along the base of the anal, in the fi- gure of nasus, published in the ' Regne Animal,' were not apparent in the specimen of sexspiiiis. Our fish, when en- tire, must have been upwards of thirteen inches long. Hab. King George's Sound, Australia. Uranoscopus maculatus. Forster. Radii:— D. 18 vel 19; A. 17 vel 18; C. V. 1|5. P. 1( Uranoscopus maculosus, Solander, Pise. AusU. MSS., p. 21, An. 1770. Ur. maculatus, J. R. Forster, apud Schn. p. 49, An. 1801. Icon, G. Forster, 176, 177, Bib. Banks. ; Richardson, An. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. ix. p. 207, An. 1842 ; Forster, Descript. Anim. cura Lioht. p. 118, 1844. I7r. monopteri/gius, Schn. Ur. cirrhosus, C. et V. iii. p. 314, An. 1829. Ur. Forsteri, Id. iii. p. 318. Ur. Kouripouia, Less. Voy. par M. Duperry, pi. 18, An. 1830. Plate XXXIII., figs. 1—3, natural size. Solander detected and described this fish, but his notes remaining in manuscript, the species was first made known by Schneider from the papers of Forster. As there are several Uranoscopcs with single dorsals, Cuvier hasjustly 65 objected to the specific name of tnonopterygitis, as not be- ing discriminative, but as this fault is common to very man}' of the scientific appellations given to fish, the rule of adhering to the earliest published name, if not preoccupied, seems to be preferable to the introduction of the very nu- merous changes which would result from an attempt to rec- tify all objectionable names, and we have, therefore, ad- hered to Forster's name of macitlatns, which was published by Schneider simultaneously with the newer and even less distinctive appellation invented by himself, especially as Forster's differs little from that of maculosus bestowed on the fish by Solander, its first describer. We have seen several specimens, both from New Zealand and Van Die- men's Land, and have figured one of them, because Lesson's plate does not appear to us to be a satisfactory representa- tion of the species. The top of the head is quite flat, from the occiput to the end of the snout, and transversely as far as the temples and outer edges of the orbits. A square membranous space is bounded laterally by the rough borders of the orbits, and behind by a cross ridge of bone connecting these borders ; the fore edge of the membrane that crosses the pedicles of the intermaxillaries is cut away in a shal- low curve, and is the anterior boundary of the square space. The intermaxillaries lie in the same plane with the snout, and descend very slightly when protruded. Cuvier describes the granulations of the cranial plates, as being arranged in lines radiating from nine centres like so many stars, viz., in two rows of four each, and a single roundish occipital plate on the mesial line. It is not easy to make out the nine centres here mentioned. The exact forms of the plates are shown in fig. 2, and most of them are roughened by minute points crowded without order. The outermost posterior plates, however, and two middle pairs, show some radiating lines. The borders of the orbits are very slightly raised, and the granulations of the super- ciliary plates show a tendency to run in lines. The preor- bitar projects two acute points over the limb of the maxil- lary ; and the three suborbitars which follow occupy but a small part of the cheek, and are all irregularly gi-anulated. The preoperculum is curved in the arc of a circle, is coarsely granulated at its upper end, and covered elsewhere with smooth integument, which is perforated by a double row of pores. Vertical granular lines mark the operculum, with a few coarser grains at its upper angle, but in the recent fish these rough parts are mostly concealed by the integu- ment. The supra-scapulars are densely granulated oblong plates, which in conjunction with the mesial occipital plate form the boundary of the nape. The scapular (or humeral) bone emits a strong spine over the upper angle of the gill- opening ; it is slightly curved at the point, and half an inch long in a fish which measures seven inches, though the tips only protrude through the skin. Forster describes it as ^^ spina valida horizontalis, apice extrorsum fiexd, polUcaris" in a specimen which measured twenty-two inches. The lips are closely fringed with very short slen- der cirrhi, just visible to the naked eye, and there is a short thick barbel on the chin, which seems to have escaped Forster's notice, and is not indeed very readily discovered unless it be looked for. A slender filament protrudes from within the velum of the lower jaw. The dental plates are coarsely and thinly villiform at the symphyses and taper away on the limbs of the jaws. The vomerine teeth are minutely villiform, being scarcely visible to the naked eye, and a cluster of three or four somewhat larger ones, crowded together, exists on the fore part of each palate bone, these bones being otherwise toothless. A row of pores runs along the limb of tlie lower jaw to the preoperculum. The eye is fringed by a narrow toothed membrane, which is not easily seen unless the eyeball be protruded. The lateral line curves gradually from the outer end of the suprasca- pular towards the beginning of the dorsal, and then runs near the base of that fin, approaching it gradually and slightly in its course ; when it arrives at the base of the caudal it bends suddenly downwards to pass between the middle rays of the fin. Throughout its length short lateral branches fringe it beneath, each ending in a muciferous pore. The scales of the body are similar and of an oblong shape. None exist above the lateral lines, nor on the other parts mentioned as being naked in the ' Histoire des Poissons.' All the rays of the dorsal are jointed, the spi- nous fin being deficient, but in the dried specimen four ob- tuse points press up the skin, like so many interspinous bones before the first ray. The markings are represented in the figure as they exist in a specimen which has been long macerated in spirits, but the following is Solander's desciuption of a recent fish. " Piscis superiie virescenti-griseus maculis rotundis dilute et sordide Jlavicantibus ; subtus e virescente albus. Ca- put supra cavernosum, pallide ejlavicante et griseo nebu- losum. Oculi parvi. Iris griseo et albido inarmorata. Pupilla nigra, superne et inferne lobulo griseo uotata. Pinna dorsalis subglauca : vittd infra medium lata, al- bidcl : radiis supra vittam fuscis, apicibus rubicundis. PinncB pectorales extus olivacea;, maculis rotundis e vires- cente albidis fulvo marmoratis, interne obscuriores ; basi colore pectoris ; margines anteriores et posteriores albidce. PinncB ventrales et anales colore pectoris. Pinna caudaiis e rubicundo griscescens, fascia ante medium sub-inter- ruptd, lata, sordide ex albido virescenti ; margo posticus Tubescitr Forster merely says in regard to colour, " Cor- pus supra pallide fuscum, maculis pallidioribus [in qui- busdam albis seu arge7iteis), subtus candicanti argenteumP " Pupilla nigra, iride aurea ; membrand nictilante in- tegrd."* Forster's specimens measured twenty-two inches, and are mostly about seven or eight inches long. Hab. Seas of New Zealand and Australia. (Also Ota- heiti, Forster). Uranoscopds macropygus. Richardson. R.\Dii :— D. 30 ; A. 37; C. 8| ; P. 19 ; V. 1|5. Ch. Spec. U. capite laevi inermi ; ano sub axilla pinnce pectoris magnm posilo ; pinnd ani longissimd ante pin- nam dorsi unicam incipienti et ad pinnam caudte * This seems to have been an oversight, arising from the eye being examined wlien retracted, for the eye-ball is surrounded by a denticulated fringe. 56 usque exlensd ; squamis mediocriius ; lined lateralis mediand recta, squamis majusculis tectd. Plate XXXIII., figs. 4—6, natural size. This Uranoscope differs widely from others of the genus in aspect and several well marked characters. The for- ward position of its vent, under the lower pectoral rays, and at the beginning of the second quarter of the length of the fish, is remarkable, and distinguishes it at once from maculosus and Icevis, the other two Australian Uranoscopes with one dorsal. It has a genital papilla like the other species. The head is covered with smooth skin, through v^'hich the form of the bones, similar to those of mnciilattis, can be made out, but no granulations are visible. The lips are finely fimbriated, and the teeth are villiforni. The eye-ball, which is not ciliated, is retractile, as is usual in the genus. A row of pores traverses the lower jaw and disk of the preojjerculum ; the operculum is tri- angular and ciliated on its upper edge and round its point. There is no scapular spine. The pelvic bones are each terminated anteriorly by a spinous point which penetrates the skin. The straight lateral line is traced in the middle of the height on a series of scales larger than the others, which are of moderate size, but much larger than those of maculosus. There is no vestige of a spinous dorsal, and the soft fin commences over the space between the sixth and seventh anal rays. Its rays and those of the anal are all jointed and unbranched. The membranes of the fins generally are more delicate than in the other Uranoscopes, and the rays, especially of the pectorals, have more slender tips. The dorsal and anal terminate by a point of membrane exactly at the base of the caudal, which is rounded at its extremity. Pectoral large, and supported by rays which are all forked except the upper one. No barbel on the chin, nor any filament from within the lower jaw. Length of the specimen 9^ inches. The original tints of colour have perished in the spirits, but the dark markings which remain may be ascertained by consulting the figure. The caudal has a rather remarkable distribution of colour, the upper and lower parts being black and the middle third pale or whitish. Hab. Port Jackson. BovicTHYS VARiEGATDS. Richardsou. Radii:— B. 7; D. 8]— 18^/19; A. 13 re/ 14; C. 115; P. lOetV. ; V. 1|5. Plate XXXIV., fig. 1—4, natural size. Except in a few particulars noted below, this fish an- swers exactly to the description of Bovichthys diacanthus in the ' Histoire des Poissons,' but it agrees less perfectly with the figure in that work (pi. 244). In general form it approaches nearer to Captain Carmichael's representation of his CaUionymus diacaiif/ius (Lin. Trans, xii. p. 501, pi. 26), which is considered to be the same species with the Chili fish described in the ' Histoire des Poissons'. It may indeed be merely a more perfect example of diacaii- thtis, or a variety, but as it differs a little in the numbers of the rays,* and to all appearance, considerably in the mark- ings, I have thought it expedient to figure and name it as a new sjiecies. On reading over the description of diacanthus, with the specimens of variegatus before me, the only discrepancies I could detect were the following. The preoperculum did not appear through the integuments to be either remarkably large or cavernous, but a series of open ]jores runs round its border. Its edge is even and not undulated. The pec- toral overlaps the anal more than in the figures in the Lin- nean Transactions or ' Histoire des Poissons,' the penulti- mate anal ray is not so abruptly larger than the preceding ones, and the pectorals and ventrals are more approxi- mated. Five porous lines with short transverse branches are disposed on the gill covers, temples, and scapular re- gion of each side. They are probably what Carmichael denominates " tortuous streaks." The lateral line is com- posed of a series of raised, flat, triangular eminences, turned alternately upwards and downwards. They appear to be composed of soft integument, and there are no scales on the body, but the skin is studded with microscopical pores which give it a rough appearance, even to the naked eye, yet are not perceptible to the finger. The markings will be best understood from an examination of the figure, with the explanation that after long maceration in spirits the dark portions are blackish brown, and the lighter ones dingy, little or no pure white being visible, except on the throat. One specimen is eight inches long and another five inches. Hab. Port Jackson. Centriscus humerosus. Richardson. Radii:— D. 6|— 17; A. 18 ; C.9|; P. 16; V. 1|5. Plate XXXIV., figs. 5, 6, natural size. We have seen only a dried specimen of this fish, which differs from the common MediteiTanean species, chiefly in its high and gibbous shoulder. It has eight radiated plates en each side of the humeral apparatus which supports the large dorsal spine, besides a mesial row of smaller ones ; also three rows of plates on the thorax between the gill- opening and ventrals, and some smaller plates between the ventrals and anal fin. A radiated plate also exists above the posterior half of the orbit. The scales are small. The dorsal spine is stout, and has several acute curved teeth at its base in front, and many serratures and denticulations throughout its length on its posterior face. It is followed by five short spines not connected by membrane ; the last of these spines is at the base of the second dorsal, which has an obliquely conical outline. The anal is less high, but has a longer base than the dorsal. The height of the shoulder is contained twice and one half in the total length, and the thickness there is one- sixth of the height. The length of the head and snout ex- * Bovichthys diacanthus, D. 8! — 20 ; A. 14 {Hist, des Poissons). Cal- lionymus diacanthus, D. 81 — 20 ; A. 16. (Carmich.) ceeds the height at the shouhler. The height between the vent and base of the dorsal is one-tenth less than the height at the shoulder. Hab. Sea of South Australia. Specimen in the British Museum. PsETTUS AEGENTEUs. Linn. {C/icctodon). Chtrtndnn nrijenteus, Linn. Cbinens. Lagerstrffim. Anioen. Acad. Dec. 17.') 1, iv. p. 4-2!>. ; Foist. Faun. Sin.; Bloch. Sclin. p. 230. Icon. Keeves, J 10; Hanlw. Acanth. 226. Chinese name, Yin Win tsang, " Silver scale Imni/,'' (Birch) ; Yen lin tsong, " Silver scaled tsang," (Reeves). Radii:— B. 6; D. 8|29; A. 3|29; C. 17|; P. 17; V. 1|5. (Spec. Hasl. Museum). Plate XXXV., figs. 1, 2, natural size ; 3, magnified. This fish was first described by Linnaeus as a Chcetodon, and its true position in the genus Psettus is pointed out in the ' Histoire des Poissons,' (vii. p. 2-31), where all that is said of it in the ' Amcenitates Academica: ' is transcribed. Its agreement in many characters \vith Psettus commer- sonii is there shown, but the height of the body, it is justly remarked, brings it nearer to Psettus rhonibeus. We are inclined, however, to keep it separate on account of its pro- portionally larger eye, taller and more obtuse dorsal and anal fins, and from its wanting the black lines which de- scend from the fore part of the dorsal to the face in rhom- beus. We possess two specimens, which were taken at Sidney, and which agree closely with Mr. Reeves's drawing, though the latter is a representation of a larger individual. The height of the body is equal to the distance between the fore part of the orbit and the end of the dorsal and anal fins ; and is in proportion to the total length as 27 to 46. The distance between the tips of the dorsal and anal rather exceeds the total length when the fins are fully spread out ;* and the thickness of the body is about a sixth of its height, or less than a tenth of the height, fins included. The scales are small, and cover the whole head and dorsal and anal fins up to the tips of the rays. They are either very deciduous on the caudal, or they only clothe its base. The scales are delicate and feel smoothish to the finger, even when drawn backwards, but under the microscope, the pos- terior triangular portion of their disks is seen to be studded with minute teeth. A magnified representation of a scale from the lateral line is given in fig. 3. The caudal is nearly even at the end when fully expanded, but seems crescentic when suffered to collapse a little. The spines of the dorsal are drawn in the figure as they appear when elevated ; when lying flatly against the front of the fin the anterior ones are scarcely perceptible, and the summits both of the soft dorsal and anal appear more acute and stand out more abruptly from the posterior rays when suf- fered to fall back a little. The teeth are those of a Chato- * In the figure of Psettus rhombeus in the new edition of ' Kegne Animal,' ii. pi. XLIT., fig. 2, the height between the tips of the dorsal and anal fins does not exceed the length from the snout to the trunk of the tail, and the eye is less, and further from the profile than in argenteus. don, and the eye is larger and nearer the profile than that of Psettus sebcc or rhombeus. The orbit is only its own diameter distant from the gill-opening, excluding the small peak of the gill-cover. Mr. Reeves's drawing is eight inches long, and is colored duck-green on the back, fading away at the lateral line into the silvery and very slightly rosaceous scales. The verti- cal fins are duck-green at the base, and pass into oil-green and sulphur-yellow towai-ds the ends, the anterior summits of the dorsal and anal being dark purplish brown, shaded off in the latter by crimson. The upper parts of the head and gill-cover are blackish green mixed with crimson ; and the pectoral is straw-yellow, with an aurora-red tint at its base. Iris silvery and brown. Hab. Seas of Australia and China. ScATOPHAGUS MULTIFASCIATUS. Richaxdson. Ch. Spec. Sc. fronte concavd ad nares gibbd ; dorsofas- ciis plurimis, nigris, transversis notato ; lateribus ma- culatis ; post singulas spinas pimi(B dorsi unique vitto nigra. Radii ; -B. 6; D. 111-1116; A. 4|16; C. 15|; P. 17 ; V. IjS. Plate XXXV., 4, 5, natural size ; 6, magnified. The body is much compressed, with a short, oblate-oval outline, beyond which the .snout and trunk of the tail pro- ject. The summit of the back, which is occupied by the spi- nous dorsal, and the opposite part of the belly, are bounded by nearly horizontal lines. The soft dorsal and anal occupy the whole of the posterior curves. The head foims nearly one-fourth of the whole length, caudal included, and the diameter of the orbit rather exceeds the fourth part of the length of the head. The border of the orbit is obtusely prominent at the upper anterior angle behind the nostril. The preorbitar is considerably wider than the rest of the suborbitar chain, and an obtuse notch is formed by their junction. The upper limb of the preoperculum is vertical, the corner shortly rounded, and the lower one completely overlies the interoperculum, only a small crescentic part of that bone showing behind the angle of the preoperculum. The edge of the gill-cover is nearly an arc of a circle without any notch, but the upper comer of the operculum makes a scarcely visible prominence. It is rough with microscopical teeth. The fine brush-like dental plates on the jaws are com- posed of closely set slender teeth, each of which is tiicus- pid, with the middle cusp taller than the lateral ones. There are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. The scales are small and densely tiled, only a small ob- lique rhomboidal segment of the disk being visible, which is armed with several parallel acutely toothed ridges. The base is undulated, producing three or four indistinct lobes. The general form of the scales is semi-oval with one side shorter. The lateral line runs in the upper quarter of the height until it reaches the posterior third of 53 the dorsal, when it takes a straight course through the mid- dle of the tail. Tlie dorsal spines have their broad sides turned alter- nately to the right and left ; the first two spines are short, and the third and fourth are the longest, the succeeding ones decreasing rapidly in height. The spine of the second dor- sal is buried in its front, so that only its tip shows. The first and second anal spines arc longer than the following two. The soft dorsal and anal are alike, both having a rounded lobe in front higher than the rest of the fin, and the posterior corner also rounded. The caudal is slightly crescentic. This fin and the soft dorsal and anal are rough with minute scales. The specimen here described is a dried one, and the co- lours have consequently perished, but the scales retain a peculiar satiny lustre, and sixteen or eighteen narrow black bands remain visible on the back, descending a little below the lateral line, together with many roundish spots lower on the sides. The top of the head and nape are dark, and there is a broad black stripe behind each dorsal spine, and also, but more faint, behind each anal spine. The soft dorsal and anal are also very finely edged with black, but the rest of the fins appear to be colourless. This species differs in profile from the Chfstodon ietra- cantlms of Lacepede (iii. pi. XXV., fig. 2, et iv. p. 727), or Scatophagus fasciatus, C. et V. vii. p. 144. The vertical bands are of a different description, and th-jre is no trace of the pectorals having been black. Length of the specimen \Q\ inches. Hai3. King George's Sound, Australia. LuTODEiRA SALMONEA. J. R. Forster, {Mugll). Mugil salmoneus, J. R. Forster, apud Bl. Schneid. p. 121. Leuciscus (Ptycholepis) salinoneus, Richardson, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. xi. p. 489, July, 1843. Mugil salmoneus, Forst. Descr. An. cura Lichtenst. p. 299. An. 1844- Icon. Georg. Forster, in Bib. Banks. No. 237. Mu- gil lavaretoides, Solander, Pise. Austr. p. 15 ? Names given to it by the native tribes near Port Essington, Mirle-mirle, and Orgurkhud. Genus, Lutodeira, Van Hasselt, Riippell. Radii:— B. 4; D. 15; A. 11 ; C. 19f ; P. 17 ; V. 11. Plate XXXVI., fig. 1, natural size ; 2, magnified. The synomyms above quoted, show that much difference of opinion has been entertained respecting the proper place of this fish in the system. Cuvier, and subsequently M. Valenciennes, considered it to be the same with the Elops machnata. This mistake is well exposed by Dr. Riippell in his Atlas, p. 18, and Neue Wirlbethiere, p. 80, but he also is in error in supposing that the species is the same with the Mugil chanos of Forskal. Van Hasselt in the year 1822 noticed the Magil chanos in Ferussac's ' Bulletin des Sciences,' (ii. p. 92), under the appellation of Lutodeira, and Riippell in his Atlas gives the generic cha- racters at length, with a full description and figure of the species, identifying it with the palah-bontah of Russell, 207. The toolelo, No. 208, of the latter author is a second species of Lutodeira, and Forster's fish is a third one. In the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History ' I gave a full description of Forster's species from the dried skin of an individual which was taken in the harbour of Port Es- sington. Having overlooked Dr. RuppelFs able exposition of the genus, I fell into the error of taking the fish for a Cyprinoid, and named it Leuciscus (Ptgcholepis*) salmo- neus. This mistake is strongly animadverted upon in a note appended to page 300 of Forster's ' Descriptiones Auimalium,' recently published by Lichtenstein, which I refer to chiefly because Mr. Gray's name is there associated with my own, but the error was wholly mine.t If great authorities can excuse a mistake of the kind, the first of modern ichthyologists may be adduced in the fol- lowing sentence, " le Alugil chanos de Forskal est de la famille des Cyprins." (Cuv. Reg. An. ii. p. 23-3) : and in recognising the connexion between Forster's fish and Rus- sell's palah-bontah and toolelo, which he considers to be Cyprini, I followed him without due consideration. I could not ascertain the form of the pharyngeals from the dried specimen, the back part of the skull having been cut away, but the head exteriorly exhibits none of the characters which have been indicated by M. Agassiz, as characteriz- ing the skull of a Clupeoid. The parietal crests do not show at all, and are not prolonged, nor is there a deep notch in which the occipital crest stands. No crests run from this notch to the middle of the orbit, there are no tem- poral grooves, nor does the triangular depression of the forehead, so conspicuous in most Clupeoids, appear. It is possible that some indications of these generic peculiarities might be traced in a properlj' prepared skull, but they do not show through the dried integument. The composition of the orifice of the mouth, however, is clupeoid. This Lutodeira has the general aspect and neat appear- ance of a Coregouus. The length of the head, which some- what exceeds the height of the body under the dorsal, is contained five times and a half in the total length of the fish, caudal included. The profile is a narrow ellipse, the back and belly being bounded by equal curves, rising re- gularly from the mouth to the front of the dorsal, which is the middle of the length, caudal excluded. At the base of the caudal the height is less than one-third of that before the dorsal. The head is covered with a smooth nacry skin, which is continued evenly over the cheeks and gill-covers, so that the limits of the opercular pieces can scarcely be distinguished even in the dried specimens, the under bor- der of the preoperculum alone being marked out by a fold of skin. The disk of this bone is acutely crescentic, with an obtuse notch on its edge beneath the curve, and its un- * The name of Pti/cholepis could not in any case have stood, as it had, togetliev with almost every Greek compound that can be devised to signify sculpture of the scales, been appropriated by M. Agassiz to fossil genera, though I was not aware of that fact when in search of a charac- teristic generic name. :J; The passage is " Maxime autem Graij us et Richardsonius nobis viden- tur vituperandi, qui eundem piscem Leuciscuui (Ptycholepin) salmoneum nuncupant, priini inter omiies Cypnnmn in Oceana piscaturi." On this I would further observe that the Cyprini are not absolutely confined to fresh waters, some of the Caiastomi frequent the salt estuaries of the nor- thern rivers of America, and in page 44 of this work I have described a purely marine fish, the Rliynchana greyi, which, if it be not a Cyprinoid, seems to be more nearly related to that family than to any other. 59 der limb, which is very long and narrow, is obscurely marked by a series of pores. The suboperculum shows a smooth, shining, slightly convex linear disk, seven or eight times less in height than the operculum. The eye is large, near the profile, half the diameter of the orbit from the orifice of the mouth, and a diameter and a half from the edge of the gill-cover. The mouth is small and terminal ; the in- termaxillary thickish, convex, and without protractility. The maxillary is stout and semi-oval, its upper end fits in- to a notch in the intermaxillary, its lower and wider end plays on the limb of the lower jaw, and only a small part of its shoulder enters into the composition of the orifice of the mouth. There is a slight fold of skin on the edge of the lower jaw, but on the upper jaw the integuments adhere closely to the bones. The four gill-rays are strap- shaped, very thin and flat. There are no scales on the head, which is flatfish above and gi-adually narrows from the nape to the snout. On the occiput the sides of the head are much rounded off laterally, but the upper border of the orbit is prominent and rounded. The scales are of moderate size, there being eighty-seven on the lateral line, and about twenty-three or twenty-four rows in the height. They are suborbicular, of a delicate texture, and are divided at the base into two or three lobes by shallow obtuse notches, and have none of the usual fur- rows. The exposed disk is marked by fi-om twenty to forty slightly divergent grooves, producing a corresponding number of rounded ridges, which terminate on the edge in acute points. A long, pointed scale lies above, and another below the pectoral, which is small and placed low down. The dorsal fin commences exactly midway between the tip of the snout and end of the scales on the base of the caudal fin ; its three anterior rays are short, graduated, and closely in- cumbent, without visible joints ; and the margin of the fin is crescentic with acute points, the anterior point being much higher than the posterior one. A scaly fillet em- braces the base of the fin like a sheath, and nearlj^ covers the rays, when they are recumbent. The ventrals are at- tached opposite to the middle of the dorsal. A long acute scale exists above the fin, and a broader and shorter one between it and its fellow. The anal is shaped like the dor- sal, but is smaller, and it has a similar scaly sheath which nearly conceals the rays when they are laid flatly back. The caudal fin is very deeply forked, with acute lobes, of which the upper one is rather the longest. Two scaly fil- lets separate the four central rays from the lobes. Forster describes the colour as bluish on the back and silvery on the body, the head also shining and silvery, with an ultramarine tint round the eyes and on the fore part of the gill-cover. The specimen from which our figure is taken was pro- cured in a brackish lagoon near Point Smith, Port Essing- ton, in November, 1844. The one described in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History' was speared near the same point, but the natives state that it generally inhabits deep water, and rarely approaches the shore. Length 19 inches. Hab. Noi-th and west coasts of Australia, Torres Straits, Island of Tanna. Elops machnata. Forskal, No. 100. Elops machnata, Riippell. Neue Wirlb. 80—84 ; Richardson, Report on the Ichth. of the seas of China and Japan made to the Brit. Assoc, vol. xiv. p. 310. An. 1845. Jinagoiv, Rnssell, 179. Radii:— B. .32; D. 24; A. 17; C. 19|; P. 17; V. 14. Plate XXXVI., fig. 3, natural size ; 4, 5, magnified. This fish has already been well represented by Russell, and the specimen from which our figure is taken being a Chinese one, has no direct claim for admission into a work devoted to the publication of Sir James Ross's collection, but when the plate was executed some months ago, I was desirous, by directly contrasting the Elops with Forster's Muffil salmo)ieus, of placing beyond doubt Cuvier's mis- take, in considering the two fish to be one species, not be- ing then aware that this task had previously been per- formed by Riippell in his ' Neue Wirlbethiere,' as has been stated above. The figure is drawn from a dried specimen, which has lost most of its original tints of colour. The suborbitar chain including the preorbitar is narrow and linear beneath the eyes, and its upper edge is raised in form of a smooth even ridge, which becomes more distinctly tubular, and un- even on the posterior margin of the orbit. The cheek, which is moderately large, is wholly behind the orbit, and the disk of the preoperculum, which is thin, wide, and smooth, has a parabolic outline. One third part of the maxillary passes the orbit, and its whole fi-ont edge up to the rounded tip, and the edges also of the intermaxillaries and lower jaw, are rough with small granular teeth ; the dental plates widening towards the symphyses, and the in- terior row of teeth ' being there rather longer and more acute, since less worn. The teeth on the vomer and palate bones are disposed in considerably broader brush-like plates with a more even flat surface. A smooth low ridge running from the nostrils traverses the anterior frontal bone and disappears on the upper border of the orbit. Another (the lateral ridge) rising also at the nostrils, runs directly backwards in the intra-orbital space, but sinks again to the level of the skull op])osite the posterior part of the orbit. The space between this ridge and its fellow is concave ; outside of it the skull is convex and rises above it, so that it must be wholly concealed in the recent fish. The tem- poral ridge is smooth and slightly elevated, though con- spicuous enough in the dried specimen. The occiput is convex. The scales are tolerably large, but being much tiled only a small rhomboidal portion of the disk is visible. Their exterior edges are thin, delicate, and being easily tora, are for the most part irregular. These edges are undulated, pro- ducing when ill situ the semblance of fine teeth or streaks, but when the scales are wet and placed in the microscope the streaks disappear, hence they are not shown in the drawing of the magnified scale, fig. 4. Russell indicates them in his plate, but such fine lines not being suited for lithography, they could not be introduced into our figure without rendering it darker than it ought to be. There are 60 ninety-two scales in a longitudinal row between the gill- opening and caudal fin, and eighteen or twenty rows in the vertical height under the dorsal. The lateral line is com- posed of a series of simple tubes, and with a very slight de- curvature at its commencement runs nearly straight a little above the middle of the height of the body. The ventrals are attached under the beginning of the dorsal, and in the middle of the length between the tip of the snout and ex- tremities of the central caudal rays. The first five dorsal rays are closely incumbent and graduated, and the upper joints of the third, fourth, and fifth are oblique. The first three anal rays are also short and closely incumbent, and two or three of the following ones have oblique joints. This peculiar obliquity of the joints is well seen in the longest upper and under caudal rays, which are much compressed and broader than the others. Several of the adjacent rays are compressed, with oblique joints in a less degree, and the first of the incumbent basal ones both above and below is thin, white and bony, with a lanceolate outline and very acute tip. It is not jointed, but several which immediately follow it, though less broad and shewing vestiges of joints, have similarly acute tips. In Mr. Reeves's drawing the scales of the body are re- presented as brightly silvery, with leek-green shadings from their bases above the lateral line, and pale pearl-gray be- low. The membranes of the dorsal and caudal are moun- tain-green with darker rays, a bar along the base of the caudal being also darker ; and the central part of the caudal is light bluish gray, without any indication of the black stripe exhibited in Bloch's figure of Elops saurus, 493. The upper parts of the head are sap-green mixed with oil-green ; the lower parts silvery. The pectoral is gamboge-yellow with a blackish tip ; the ventrals and anal dull saffron-yellow in front and colourless posteriorly. Mr. Reeves figures another Chinese Elops [purpurascens), which is briefly noticed in the ' Report on the Ichthy- ology of the Seas of China and Japan,' quoted above. Hab. Seas of China and India. The Red Sea. Gasterochisma melampus. Richardson. Gasterochisma melampiis, Richardson, Anu. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. XV. p. 346. May, 1845. Radii:— B. 5; D. 17|— 1|10 et VI ; A. 2|10etVI; C. 174^; P. 20; V. 1|5. Plate XXXVIT., figs. 1—3, natural size. This fish is most closely allied to Notneus, of which it possesses many of the characters, but its larger mouth, the form of the jaws approaching much more nearly to that of Scomber, the great compression of the body, and above all, the free pinnules of the dorsal and anal, justify its being placed in a separate genus, in accordance with the manner in which the Scomheridce have been hitherto subdivided. The profile bears considerable resemblance to that of a common mackerel, and the tail at the base of the caudal is very slender, but has no vestige of a keel. The length of the head, which equals the height of the body, is contained four times and a half in the total length, and the thickness of the body is less than one-third of its height, the back and belly being both acute. The nape is more broadly round- ed, but the top of the head is traversed by a smooth, acute, mesial keel, which is continued to the tip of the narrow, acute snout. The lower jaw is also acute, and the cleft of the mouth is half the length of the head. The maxillary reaches rather beyond the middle of the eye, and its slen- der middle part only is covered by the preorbitar when the mouth is closed. The jaw-teeth are finely subulate, acute, slightly curved, and rather widely set in a single row. The vomerine and palatine teeth are more delicate and not so evenly set. The cheek is scaly, and there is a scaly patch on the su- pra-scapulars ; but the top of the head, jaws, preorbitar, disk of the preoperculum, and gill-membranes are smooth. There are no scales on the gill-covers in the specimen, but as the integument clothing these bones is injured, it is pos- sible that they may be more or less scaly in the recent fish. The lateral line is moderately arched till it comes opposite to the first separate pinnule, when it takes a straight course through the tail. The scales are moderately large. The belly is deeply fissured to form a sheath for the reception of the large ventrals, in which they can be completely con- cealed. The inside of this sheath is lined with delicate membrane, and the small tubular orifice of the anus is situated near its posterior end. The ventral, equal in length to one-third of the whole fish, is attached under the base of the pectoral as in Nomeus. It is probable that their last ray is attached throughout to the mesial line of the sheath by a wide membrane, as in the genus just named, but if so, the membrane has been torn away in our speci- men. The pectorals are in proportion considerably smaller than in Nomeus mauritii. The first dorsal is arched, and is supported by slender, brittle rays, which are half the height of the body. The membrane of the posterior part of the dorsal and anal is either altogether wanting or perishes early, leaving six or seven detached pinnules behind each fin. There is no vestige of any separate spines before the anal, and the first spine of this fin is a mere point. The ventrals retain their intense black colour, but the original tints of the other fins and rest of the fish cannot be traced in the specimen, which has suffered froiu long maceration in spirits. Length 8 inches. Hab. Port Nicholson, New Zealand. Ageiopus LEUCOP.ECILUS. Richardsou. Ch. Spec. Agr. cute Imvissimo ; corpora maculis irregu- larihiis castanets cum labecuUs purpurascenti-albidis in humero linedque laterali alternantibus variegato ; parte spinosd pinncB dorsi nigra marginatd, parte articulatd fascid nigra percursd. Radii:— D. 17| 13; A. 9;C. 12|; P. 8 ; V. 1|5. Plate XXXVII., figs. 4, 5, natural size. The genus Agriopus presents the peculiar character from which the Joues cuirass6es of Cuvier derive their appella- 61 tion, in a less marked degree than most of the other form s included in the group. The inlia-orbitar chain abuts against the upper end of the preoperculum only, instead of sending a strong branch across the middle of the cheek to the bend of the bone. Trachinus lipera, retained by Cuvier among the Perciihe, shows a more distinct bony extension of the suborbitars which crosses the temples to the tip of the preoperculum, and in the Uranoscopi the cheeks are largely covered by the suborbitar plates. In fact the Tra- chini and Uranoscopi associate more naturally with the family to which Agrioptis belongs than with the Perciche. Most of the Joues cuimssees live habitually at the bottom of the sea and travel over the sand or mud in search of their food. The Trighe possess simple, free rays under the pec- torals, which they use as feet, and perhaps also as organs of touch. The projecting thick tips of the lower rays of the pectorals, and frequently also of the ventrals and anals, so evident in the majority of the members of the group, are most likely formed for similar uses, and in this structure the Trachini and Uranoscopi agree, as well as in the copious- ness of their mucigenous glands. Most of the tish that dwell at the bottom of the sea and burrow^ in the sand re- quire to have their skins well lubricated, a fact which may be gathered from an examination of the Batrac/iid